British Favoritism of Congress and the Speedy Transfer of Power

Mohammad Salim; Saeed Ullah Jan

doi:doi:10.11648/j.allc.20180302.11

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British Favoritism of Congress and the Speedy Transfer of Power

Mohammad Salim, Saeed Ullah Jan

Published in Arabic Language, Literature & Culture (Volume 3, Issue 2)

Received: 21 June 2018 Accepted: 6 July 2018 Published: 15 August 2018

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Abstract

World War II had shaken the bases capitalist yoke. The ever shining sun of British ascendency was on the verge of sinking. The two-edged sword of technological advancement and Machiavellian tactics of statecraft was no more paved her way in the eastern awakening society. British were facing failure in every sphere of politics in the subcontinent. The growing monstrous menace of the communist yoke at the western border and even inside insurgency of workers in India compel the British to transfer power to Hindu bourgeoisie .The capitalist Hindu bourgeoisie incarnated in a socialist garb was the lost ray of hope for the British. All these were possible in united India according to the then tank thank of British, while truncated moth-eaten Pakistan was not perceived as a strong bulwark against communist assault. Although the latter progress in the political history Pakistan has proven the opposite side of the portrayed arena. The purpose of this study is to explore the real cause of British favoritism of Congress and their tendency toward Hindu bourgeoisie. This paper attempts to answer those questions by objectively examining and analyzing the major events of the decade preceding the partition, unquestionably the most critical period to the understanding of the causes of partition.

Published in	Arabic Language, Literature & Culture (Volume 3, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.allc.20180302.11
Page(s)	9-15
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

British, Congress, Muslim, Power, Division

References

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[3]	Ali, R. U. (2009). Planning for the Partition of India 1947: A Scuttled Affair. Pakistan Journal of History & Culture, 30(1).
[4]	Azad, M. A. K. (1949). India Wins Freedom (1949).
[5]	Campbell-Johnson, A. (1972). Mission with Mountbatten. Robert Hale.
[6]	Chaudhri, M. A. (1967). The emergence of Pakistan. Research Society of Pakistan, University of the Punjab, 354.
[7]	Choudhury, G. W. (1969). Constitutional development in Pakistan. Publications Centre, University of British Columbia.
[8]	Ghosh, S. (1967). Gandhi's emissary. Cresset Publication.
[9]	Guha, R. (1997). Dominance without hegemony: History and power in colonial India. Harvard University Press.
[10]	Hoodbhoy, P., & Nayyar, A. H. (1985). Rewriting the history of Pakistan. Islam, politics and the state, 164-177.
[11]	Hunter, W. W. (1899). A History of British India: To the overthrow of the English in the Spice Archipelago [1623 (Vol. 1). Longmans, Green, and Company.
[12]	Isaacs, S. (1967). Gandhi's Emissary.
[13]	Johnson, A. C. (1951). Mission with Mountbatten. London, R. Hale.
[14]	Saeed Ullah Jan, Education in the Age of Technology: Contrasting Fortunes, Science Journal of Education. Vol. 6, No. 2, 2018, pp. 55-70. doi: 10. 11648/j. sjedu. 20180602. 13
[15]	Kalam, A. M. A. (1988). India wins freedom.
[16]	Khan, A. W. (1961). India Wins Freedom: The Other Side. Pakistan Educational Publication.
[17]	Maunawar, A. K. (1980). Dimention of Pakistan Moment, 1(1), Service Book Club, Lahore, Pakistan.
[18]	Menon, V. P. (1957). Transfer of power in India.
[19]	Meyer, C. (1947). Peace or anarchy. Little, Brown.
[20]	Moon, P. (1962). Divide and quit. Univ of California Press.
[21]	Moore, R. J. (1983). Jinnah and the Pakistan demand. Modern Asian Studies, 17(4), 529-561.
[22]	Nicholas, M. E, (1981) Transfer of Power, 10(1), London Press.
[23]	Pakistan as a peasant utopia: the communalization of class politics in East Bengal, 1920-1947 by Taj ul-Islam Hashmi.
[24]	Quershi, I. H. (1974), Struggle for Pakistan, Karachi Press.
[25]	Rizvi, G. (1978). Before and after the transfer of power: Two review articles: II‐Lord Linlithgow and the reviewers. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, 1(1), 114-119.
[26]	Sayeed, K. B. (1960). Pakistan: The Formative Phase. Pakistan Publishing House.
[27]	Singh, K. (2005). Train to Pakistan. Orient Blackswan.
[28]	Spear, P., Thapar, R., & Spear, T. G. P. (1990). A history of India (Vol. 2). Viking Pr.
[29]	Stephens, I. M. (1964). Pakistan: old country new nation. Penguin Books.
[30]	Tuker, F. I. S. (1950). While memory serves.

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Mohammad Salim, Saeed Ullah Jan. (2018). British Favoritism of Congress and the Speedy Transfer of Power. Arabic Language, Literature & Culture, 3(2), 9-15. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.allc.20180302.11

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Mohammad Salim; Saeed Ullah Jan. British Favoritism of Congress and the Speedy Transfer of Power. Arab. Lang. Lit. Cult. 2018, 3(2), 9-15. doi: 10.11648/j.allc.20180302.11

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Mohammad Salim, Saeed Ullah Jan. British Favoritism of Congress and the Speedy Transfer of Power. Arab Lang Lit Cult. 2018;3(2):9-15. doi: 10.11648/j.allc.20180302.11

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@article{10.11648/j.allc.20180302.11,
  author = {Mohammad Salim and Saeed Ullah Jan},
  title = {British Favoritism of Congress and the Speedy Transfer of Power},
  journal = {Arabic Language, Literature & Culture},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {9-15},
  doi = {10.11648/j.allc.20180302.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.allc.20180302.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.allc.20180302.11},
  abstract = {World War II had shaken the bases capitalist yoke. The ever shining sun of British ascendency was on the verge of sinking. The two-edged sword of technological advancement and Machiavellian tactics of statecraft was no more paved her way in the eastern awakening society. British were facing failure in every sphere of politics in the subcontinent. The growing monstrous menace of the communist yoke at the western border and even inside insurgency of workers in India compel the British to transfer power to Hindu bourgeoisie .The capitalist Hindu bourgeoisie incarnated in a socialist garb was the lost ray of hope for the British. All these were possible in united India according to the then tank thank of British, while truncated moth-eaten Pakistan was not perceived as a strong bulwark against communist assault. Although the latter progress in the political history Pakistan has proven the opposite side of the portrayed arena. The purpose of this study is to explore the real cause of British favoritism of   Congress and their tendency toward Hindu bourgeoisie. This paper attempts to answer those questions by objectively examining and analyzing the major events of the decade preceding the partition, unquestionably the most critical period to the understanding of the causes of partition.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - British Favoritism of Congress and the Speedy Transfer of Power
AU  - Mohammad Salim
AU  - Saeed Ullah Jan
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PY  - 2018
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AB  - World War II had shaken the bases capitalist yoke. The ever shining sun of British ascendency was on the verge of sinking. The two-edged sword of technological advancement and Machiavellian tactics of statecraft was no more paved her way in the eastern awakening society. British were facing failure in every sphere of politics in the subcontinent. The growing monstrous menace of the communist yoke at the western border and even inside insurgency of workers in India compel the British to transfer power to Hindu bourgeoisie .The capitalist Hindu bourgeoisie incarnated in a socialist garb was the lost ray of hope for the British. All these were possible in united India according to the then tank thank of British, while truncated moth-eaten Pakistan was not perceived as a strong bulwark against communist assault. Although the latter progress in the political history Pakistan has proven the opposite side of the portrayed arena. The purpose of this study is to explore the real cause of British favoritism of   Congress and their tendency toward Hindu bourgeoisie. This paper attempts to answer those questions by objectively examining and analyzing the major events of the decade preceding the partition, unquestionably the most critical period to the understanding of the causes of partition.
VL  - 3
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Author Information

Mohammad Salim

Department of Higher Education, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar, Pakistan
Saeed Ullah Jan

Department of Computer Science & IT, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan

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Mohammad Salim, Saeed Ullah Jan. (2018). British Favoritism of Congress and the Speedy Transfer of Power. Arabic Language, Literature & Culture, 3(2), 9-15. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.allc.20180302.11

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ACS Style

Mohammad Salim; Saeed Ullah Jan. British Favoritism of Congress and the Speedy Transfer of Power. Arab. Lang. Lit. Cult. 2018, 3(2), 9-15. doi: 10.11648/j.allc.20180302.11

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AMA Style

Mohammad Salim, Saeed Ullah Jan. British Favoritism of Congress and the Speedy Transfer of Power. Arab Lang Lit Cult. 2018;3(2):9-15. doi: 10.11648/j.allc.20180302.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.allc.20180302.11,
  author = {Mohammad Salim and Saeed Ullah Jan},
  title = {British Favoritism of Congress and the Speedy Transfer of Power},
  journal = {Arabic Language, Literature & Culture},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {9-15},
  doi = {10.11648/j.allc.20180302.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.allc.20180302.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.allc.20180302.11},
  abstract = {World War II had shaken the bases capitalist yoke. The ever shining sun of British ascendency was on the verge of sinking. The two-edged sword of technological advancement and Machiavellian tactics of statecraft was no more paved her way in the eastern awakening society. British were facing failure in every sphere of politics in the subcontinent. The growing monstrous menace of the communist yoke at the western border and even inside insurgency of workers in India compel the British to transfer power to Hindu bourgeoisie .The capitalist Hindu bourgeoisie incarnated in a socialist garb was the lost ray of hope for the British. All these were possible in united India according to the then tank thank of British, while truncated moth-eaten Pakistan was not perceived as a strong bulwark against communist assault. Although the latter progress in the political history Pakistan has proven the opposite side of the portrayed arena. The purpose of this study is to explore the real cause of British favoritism of   Congress and their tendency toward Hindu bourgeoisie. This paper attempts to answer those questions by objectively examining and analyzing the major events of the decade preceding the partition, unquestionably the most critical period to the understanding of the causes of partition.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - British Favoritism of Congress and the Speedy Transfer of Power
AU  - Mohammad Salim
AU  - Saeed Ullah Jan
Y1  - 2018/08/15
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.allc.20180302.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.allc.20180302.11
T2  - Arabic Language, Literature & Culture
JF  - Arabic Language, Literature & Culture
JO  - Arabic Language, Literature & Culture
SP  - 9
EP  - 15
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2639-9695
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.allc.20180302.11
AB  - World War II had shaken the bases capitalist yoke. The ever shining sun of British ascendency was on the verge of sinking. The two-edged sword of technological advancement and Machiavellian tactics of statecraft was no more paved her way in the eastern awakening society. British were facing failure in every sphere of politics in the subcontinent. The growing monstrous menace of the communist yoke at the western border and even inside insurgency of workers in India compel the British to transfer power to Hindu bourgeoisie .The capitalist Hindu bourgeoisie incarnated in a socialist garb was the lost ray of hope for the British. All these were possible in united India according to the then tank thank of British, while truncated moth-eaten Pakistan was not perceived as a strong bulwark against communist assault. Although the latter progress in the political history Pakistan has proven the opposite side of the portrayed arena. The purpose of this study is to explore the real cause of British favoritism of   Congress and their tendency toward Hindu bourgeoisie. This paper attempts to answer those questions by objectively examining and analyzing the major events of the decade preceding the partition, unquestionably the most critical period to the understanding of the causes of partition.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download