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Hydraulic Performance Evaluation of Diversion Weir and Canal Structures: Case Study of Basaka Small Scale Irrigation Scheme, Wayu Tuka, East Wallaga, Oromia, Ethiopia

Received: 14 July 2023     Accepted: 8 August 2023     Published: 22 August 2023
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Abstract

Hydraulic Performance evaluation of the irrigation system is important to conserve scarce water resources by improving the performance of the existing irrigation structure. However, there was no study in the past performance evaluation of the Basaka scheme, which is used for irrigation purposes. This study was to evaluate the hydraulic performance of the diversion weir and the canal structures by using hydraulic performance indicators, conveyance indicators, and maintenance indicators. The primary data collected were direct field measurements in the canals and direct field observations of function & mal-function structures. The secondary data was also taken from the designed document scheme and the journals. The study was carried out during the one irrigation season from February to April 2023. The data collected was analyzed using empirical equations. A diversion weir structure is unsafe for the passage of high floods because the discharge capacity of the weir (227.8m3/s) is relatively lower than the peak design discharge (234m3/s) that is generated from catchment areas. The current intake gate water withdrawal to the main canal was 97%. The discharge measurement was performed at three measuring stations at the head, middle, and tail on the main and secondary canals respectively by using the area-velocity method. Also, the velocity of discharge flow through both canals was examined by using floating material (tennis ball). The causes of malfunctioning structures were investigated through field observation. And also, there is a sedimentation problem in the diversion weir due to the under-sluice gate structure is not constructed at diversion head-work, whereas seepage problems in the main and secondary canals due to the many parts of the canals are unlined. The overall average main and secondary canal's conveyance efficiency was 57% & 59%, and water conveyance loss was 43% and 41% respectively, which is below recommended values. This conveyance efficiency is reduced due to breakage occurring on the main canal, seepage, siltation and vegetation growth within the canal interfere. The maintenance indicators investigation of the scheme was examined. This means that; the value of the effectiveness of infrastructure was 58%, the sustainability of the irrigated area was 71%, the delivery duration ratio was 200%, and the water surface elevation ratio (58% for MC and 62% for SC) respectively. Based on the results of the maintenance and conveyance indicators, Basaka small irrigation scheme requires a high level of maintenance.

Published in American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology (Volume 8, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajset.20230803.15
Page(s) 152-161
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Hydraulic Performance, Maintenance Indicators, Conveyance Indicators

References
[1] S. Wondatir, “Performance evaluation of irrigation schemes: A case study of Jari and Aloma small-scale irrigation schemes, Tehuledere District, Ethiopia,” 2016, [Online]. Available: https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/77357
[2] R. Lambisso, “Assessment of Design Practices and Performance of Small Scale Irrigation Structures in South Region,” pp. 47–57, 2005.
[3] G. Awulachew, S. B., Merrey, D. J., Kamara, A. B., Van Koppen, B., Penning, de Vries F., Boelee, E. and Makombe, “Experiences and opportunities for promoting small scale/micro irrigation and rainwater harvesting for food security in Ethiopia,” 2005.
[4] Z. Dejen, “Comparative irrigation performance assessment in community-managed schemes in Ethiopia,” African J. Agric. Reseearch, vol. 7, no. 35, pp. 4956–4970, 2012, doi: 10.5897/ajar11.2135.
[5] K. Dereje, “Performance evaluation of Tibila irrigation based development project diversion headwork, Ethiopia,” 2017.
[6] M. Tebebal and M. Ayana, “Hydraulic Performance Evaluation of Hare Community Managed Irrigation Scheme, Southern, Ethiopia,” Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol., vol. 02, no. 08, pp. 901-909, 2015.
[7] W. Feleke, “Technical and Management Performance Evaluation of Small,” 2017.
[8] Y. Kedir, “Estimation of Conveyance Losses of Wonji-Shoa Sugarcane Irrigation Scheme, Ethiopia,” vol. 5, no. 17, pp. 38–45, 2015, [Online]. Available: www.iiste.org
[9] S. Alebachew, “Performance Evaluation of Futan and Ganwuha Small-Scale Irrigation Schemes in Amhara Region, Ethiopia,” 2022.
[10] M. Belay, “Hydraulic Performance Evaluation Case of Amibara Irrigation Scheme, Afar, Ethiopia By,” 2020.
[11] B. Belango, “Performance Evaluation Of Diversion Headwork Structures For Irrigation: Case Study On Agega-1, Agega-2 And Sana Irrigation Schemes In Kembata Tembaro Zone, Snnpr, Ethiopia,” 2021.
[12] T. Legesse and A. Tadesse, “Evaluation of Water Delivery Performance and Conveyance Efficiency in Gatto Small-Scale Irrigation Scheme, Southern, Ethiopia,” J. Water Resour. Ocean Sci., vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 139–154, 2021, doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20211005.16.
[13] T. Mojira and S. Dagalo, “Evaluation of Hydraulic Performance of Irrigation Scheme at Kuraz Sugar Development Project, Jinka, Ethiopia,” Am. J. Mech. Appl., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 18–29, 2021, doi: 10.11648/j.ajma.20210902.12.
[14] Z. Mekonnen, G. Sintayehu, A. Hibu, and Y. Andualem, “Performance Evaluation of Small-Scale Irrigation Scheme: a Case Study of Golina Small-Scale Irrigation Scheme, North Wollo, Ethiopia,” Water Conserv. Sci. Eng., vol. 7, no. 4, 2022, doi: 10.1007/s41101-022-00157-w.
[15] B. Sisay, “Assessment of Design Practices and Performance of Small-Scale Diversion Weirs Constructed for Irrigation Project (a Case Study of Ashar and Upper Kuashini Small-Scale Irrigation Schemes in Awi Zone, Dangla Woreda),” 2022.
[16] T. Efriem and A. Mekonen, “Hydraulic performance assessment of Tahtay Tsalit small scale irrigation scheme, Tigray, Ethiopia,” Int. J. Water Resour. Environ. Eng., vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 254–263, 2017, doi: 10.5897/ijwree2017.0728.
[17] G. Angualie, “Evaluation of Hydraulic Performance On Lower Areb Small Scale Irrigation Scheme Amhara, Ethiopia,” 2021.
[18] E. Degife, “Evaluating the Performance of Irrigation Canal System Using Comparative Performance Indicators at Tendaho Sugar Estate,” 2016.
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    Gemechu Mosisa, Dereje Adeba. (2023). Hydraulic Performance Evaluation of Diversion Weir and Canal Structures: Case Study of Basaka Small Scale Irrigation Scheme, Wayu Tuka, East Wallaga, Oromia, Ethiopia. American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 8(3), 152-161. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20230803.15

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    Gemechu Mosisa; Dereje Adeba. Hydraulic Performance Evaluation of Diversion Weir and Canal Structures: Case Study of Basaka Small Scale Irrigation Scheme, Wayu Tuka, East Wallaga, Oromia, Ethiopia. Am. J. Sci. Eng. Technol. 2023, 8(3), 152-161. doi: 10.11648/j.ajset.20230803.15

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    AMA Style

    Gemechu Mosisa, Dereje Adeba. Hydraulic Performance Evaluation of Diversion Weir and Canal Structures: Case Study of Basaka Small Scale Irrigation Scheme, Wayu Tuka, East Wallaga, Oromia, Ethiopia. Am J Sci Eng Technol. 2023;8(3):152-161. doi: 10.11648/j.ajset.20230803.15

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajset.20230803.15,
      author = {Gemechu Mosisa and Dereje Adeba},
      title = {Hydraulic Performance Evaluation of Diversion Weir and Canal Structures: Case Study of Basaka Small Scale Irrigation Scheme, Wayu Tuka, East Wallaga, Oromia, Ethiopia},
      journal = {American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology},
      volume = {8},
      number = {3},
      pages = {152-161},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajset.20230803.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20230803.15},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajset.20230803.15},
      abstract = {Hydraulic Performance evaluation of the irrigation system is important to conserve scarce water resources by improving the performance of the existing irrigation structure. However, there was no study in the past performance evaluation of the Basaka scheme, which is used for irrigation purposes. This study was to evaluate the hydraulic performance of the diversion weir and the canal structures by using hydraulic performance indicators, conveyance indicators, and maintenance indicators. The primary data collected were direct field measurements in the canals and direct field observations of function & mal-function structures. The secondary data was also taken from the designed document scheme and the journals. The study was carried out during the one irrigation season from February to April 2023. The data collected was analyzed using empirical equations. A diversion weir structure is unsafe for the passage of high floods because the discharge capacity of the weir (227.8m3/s) is relatively lower than the peak design discharge (234m3/s) that is generated from catchment areas. The current intake gate water withdrawal to the main canal was 97%. The discharge measurement was performed at three measuring stations at the head, middle, and tail on the main and secondary canals respectively by using the area-velocity method. Also, the velocity of discharge flow through both canals was examined by using floating material (tennis ball). The causes of malfunctioning structures were investigated through field observation. And also, there is a sedimentation problem in the diversion weir due to the under-sluice gate structure is not constructed at diversion head-work, whereas seepage problems in the main and secondary canals due to the many parts of the canals are unlined. The overall average main and secondary canal's conveyance efficiency was 57% & 59%, and water conveyance loss was 43% and 41% respectively, which is below recommended values. This conveyance efficiency is reduced due to breakage occurring on the main canal, seepage, siltation and vegetation growth within the canal interfere. The maintenance indicators investigation of the scheme was examined. This means that; the value of the effectiveness of infrastructure was 58%, the sustainability of the irrigated area was 71%, the delivery duration ratio was 200%, and the water surface elevation ratio (58% for MC and 62% for SC) respectively. Based on the results of the maintenance and conveyance indicators, Basaka small irrigation scheme requires a high level of maintenance.},
     year = {2023}
    }
    

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    T1  - Hydraulic Performance Evaluation of Diversion Weir and Canal Structures: Case Study of Basaka Small Scale Irrigation Scheme, Wayu Tuka, East Wallaga, Oromia, Ethiopia
    AU  - Gemechu Mosisa
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajset.20230803.15
    T2  - American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
    JF  - American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
    JO  - American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
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    EP  - 161
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2578-8353
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20230803.15
    AB  - Hydraulic Performance evaluation of the irrigation system is important to conserve scarce water resources by improving the performance of the existing irrigation structure. However, there was no study in the past performance evaluation of the Basaka scheme, which is used for irrigation purposes. This study was to evaluate the hydraulic performance of the diversion weir and the canal structures by using hydraulic performance indicators, conveyance indicators, and maintenance indicators. The primary data collected were direct field measurements in the canals and direct field observations of function & mal-function structures. The secondary data was also taken from the designed document scheme and the journals. The study was carried out during the one irrigation season from February to April 2023. The data collected was analyzed using empirical equations. A diversion weir structure is unsafe for the passage of high floods because the discharge capacity of the weir (227.8m3/s) is relatively lower than the peak design discharge (234m3/s) that is generated from catchment areas. The current intake gate water withdrawal to the main canal was 97%. The discharge measurement was performed at three measuring stations at the head, middle, and tail on the main and secondary canals respectively by using the area-velocity method. Also, the velocity of discharge flow through both canals was examined by using floating material (tennis ball). The causes of malfunctioning structures were investigated through field observation. And also, there is a sedimentation problem in the diversion weir due to the under-sluice gate structure is not constructed at diversion head-work, whereas seepage problems in the main and secondary canals due to the many parts of the canals are unlined. The overall average main and secondary canal's conveyance efficiency was 57% & 59%, and water conveyance loss was 43% and 41% respectively, which is below recommended values. This conveyance efficiency is reduced due to breakage occurring on the main canal, seepage, siltation and vegetation growth within the canal interfere. The maintenance indicators investigation of the scheme was examined. This means that; the value of the effectiveness of infrastructure was 58%, the sustainability of the irrigated area was 71%, the delivery duration ratio was 200%, and the water surface elevation ratio (58% for MC and 62% for SC) respectively. Based on the results of the maintenance and conveyance indicators, Basaka small irrigation scheme requires a high level of maintenance.
    VL  - 8
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Hydraulic & Water Resource Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Wallaga University, Nekemte, Ethiopia

  • Department of Hydraulic & Water Resource Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Wallaga University, Nekemte, Ethiopia

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