Evaluation of Biodiesel Produced from Blends of Sunflower Oil and Beef Tallow Through Base Catalysis

Hadiza Dawi; Ibrahim Muduru; Bilyaminu Abdulkadir

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajpst.20210702.11

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Evaluation of Biodiesel Produced from Blends of Sunflower Oil and Beef Tallow Through Base Catalysis

Hadiza Dawi, Ibrahim Muduru, Bilyaminu Abdulkadir

Published in American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology (Volume 7, Issue 2)

Received: 25 June 2021 Accepted: 6 July 2021 Published: 15 July 2021

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Abstract

The inclination towards climate change and environmental pollution mitigation directs this research toward creating an alternative fuel source to fossil fuel for use in developing tropical countries. This study is designed to investigate biodiesel (alkyl esters) obtained by transesterification of blends of refined sunflower oil and beef tallow using NaOH as catalyst. Triglycerides in the oils reacted with alkanols to produce fatty acid alkyl esters (FAAE) and glyerols as by-product. A pretreatment process of esterification was carried out to remove excess free fatty acids (FFA). Some physical properties such as pour point, cloud point, flash point, density and kinematic viscosity were investigated for the sunflower oil/beef tallow (SO/BT) ratios. The examined physical properties of the methyl esters changed significantly as the beef tallow ratio in the mixture increased in the mixtures. The ratios of 40%SO/60%BT and 60%SO/40%BT exhibited values within standard range of biodiesel and petroleum diesel of ASTM D 6751 and EN 1424. The values of the cold-flow properties of the biodiesel ratios obtained are of convenience for use in tropical regions rather than polar regions.

Published in	American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology (Volume 7, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajpst.20210702.11
Page(s)	23-28
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Biodiesel, Alkyl Esters, Transesterification, Sunflower Oil, Beef Tallow, Kinematic Viscosity

References

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APA Style

Hadiza Dawi, Ibrahim Muduru, Bilyaminu Abdulkadir. (2021). Evaluation of Biodiesel Produced from Blends of Sunflower Oil and Beef Tallow Through Base Catalysis. American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology, 7(2), 23-28. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20210702.11

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ACS Style

Hadiza Dawi; Ibrahim Muduru; Bilyaminu Abdulkadir. Evaluation of Biodiesel Produced from Blends of Sunflower Oil and Beef Tallow Through Base Catalysis. Am. J. Polym. Sci. Technol. 2021, 7(2), 23-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpst.20210702.11

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AMA Style

Hadiza Dawi, Ibrahim Muduru, Bilyaminu Abdulkadir. Evaluation of Biodiesel Produced from Blends of Sunflower Oil and Beef Tallow Through Base Catalysis. Am J Polym Sci Technol. 2021;7(2):23-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpst.20210702.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpst.20210702.11,
  author = {Hadiza Dawi and Ibrahim Muduru and Bilyaminu Abdulkadir},
  title = {Evaluation of Biodiesel Produced from Blends of Sunflower Oil and Beef Tallow Through Base Catalysis},
  journal = {American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {23-28},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpst.20210702.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20210702.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpst.20210702.11},
  abstract = {The inclination towards climate change and environmental pollution mitigation directs this research toward creating an alternative fuel source to fossil fuel for use in developing tropical countries. This study is designed to investigate biodiesel (alkyl esters) obtained by transesterification of blends of refined sunflower oil and beef tallow using NaOH as catalyst. Triglycerides in the oils reacted with alkanols to produce fatty acid alkyl esters (FAAE) and glyerols as by-product. A pretreatment process of esterification was carried out to remove excess free fatty acids (FFA). Some physical properties such as pour point, cloud point, flash point, density and kinematic viscosity were investigated for the sunflower oil/beef tallow (SO/BT) ratios. The examined physical properties of the methyl esters changed significantly as the beef tallow ratio in the mixture increased in the mixtures. The ratios of 40%SO/60%BT and 60%SO/40%BT exhibited values within standard range of biodiesel and petroleum diesel of ASTM D 6751 and EN 1424. The values of the cold-flow properties of the biodiesel ratios obtained are of convenience for use in tropical regions rather than polar regions.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaluation of Biodiesel Produced from Blends of Sunflower Oil and Beef Tallow Through Base Catalysis
AU  - Hadiza Dawi
AU  - Ibrahim Muduru
AU  - Bilyaminu Abdulkadir
Y1  - 2021/07/15
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20210702.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpst.20210702.11
T2  - American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology
JF  - American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology
JO  - American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology
SP  - 23
EP  - 28
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5986
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20210702.11
AB  - The inclination towards climate change and environmental pollution mitigation directs this research toward creating an alternative fuel source to fossil fuel for use in developing tropical countries. This study is designed to investigate biodiesel (alkyl esters) obtained by transesterification of blends of refined sunflower oil and beef tallow using NaOH as catalyst. Triglycerides in the oils reacted with alkanols to produce fatty acid alkyl esters (FAAE) and glyerols as by-product. A pretreatment process of esterification was carried out to remove excess free fatty acids (FFA). Some physical properties such as pour point, cloud point, flash point, density and kinematic viscosity were investigated for the sunflower oil/beef tallow (SO/BT) ratios. The examined physical properties of the methyl esters changed significantly as the beef tallow ratio in the mixture increased in the mixtures. The ratios of 40%SO/60%BT and 60%SO/40%BT exhibited values within standard range of biodiesel and petroleum diesel of ASTM D 6751 and EN 1424. The values of the cold-flow properties of the biodiesel ratios obtained are of convenience for use in tropical regions rather than polar regions.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Hadiza Dawi

Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Borno, Nigeria
Ibrahim Muduru

Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Borno, Nigeria
Bilyaminu Abdulkadir

Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Borno, Nigeria

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Hadiza Dawi, Ibrahim Muduru, Bilyaminu Abdulkadir. (2021). Evaluation of Biodiesel Produced from Blends of Sunflower Oil and Beef Tallow Through Base Catalysis. American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology, 7(2), 23-28. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20210702.11

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ACS Style

Hadiza Dawi; Ibrahim Muduru; Bilyaminu Abdulkadir. Evaluation of Biodiesel Produced from Blends of Sunflower Oil and Beef Tallow Through Base Catalysis. Am. J. Polym. Sci. Technol. 2021, 7(2), 23-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpst.20210702.11

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AMA Style

Hadiza Dawi, Ibrahim Muduru, Bilyaminu Abdulkadir. Evaluation of Biodiesel Produced from Blends of Sunflower Oil and Beef Tallow Through Base Catalysis. Am J Polym Sci Technol. 2021;7(2):23-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpst.20210702.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajpst.20210702.11,
  author = {Hadiza Dawi and Ibrahim Muduru and Bilyaminu Abdulkadir},
  title = {Evaluation of Biodiesel Produced from Blends of Sunflower Oil and Beef Tallow Through Base Catalysis},
  journal = {American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {23-28},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpst.20210702.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20210702.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpst.20210702.11},
  abstract = {The inclination towards climate change and environmental pollution mitigation directs this research toward creating an alternative fuel source to fossil fuel for use in developing tropical countries. This study is designed to investigate biodiesel (alkyl esters) obtained by transesterification of blends of refined sunflower oil and beef tallow using NaOH as catalyst. Triglycerides in the oils reacted with alkanols to produce fatty acid alkyl esters (FAAE) and glyerols as by-product. A pretreatment process of esterification was carried out to remove excess free fatty acids (FFA). Some physical properties such as pour point, cloud point, flash point, density and kinematic viscosity were investigated for the sunflower oil/beef tallow (SO/BT) ratios. The examined physical properties of the methyl esters changed significantly as the beef tallow ratio in the mixture increased in the mixtures. The ratios of 40%SO/60%BT and 60%SO/40%BT exhibited values within standard range of biodiesel and petroleum diesel of ASTM D 6751 and EN 1424. The values of the cold-flow properties of the biodiesel ratios obtained are of convenience for use in tropical regions rather than polar regions.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaluation of Biodiesel Produced from Blends of Sunflower Oil and Beef Tallow Through Base Catalysis
AU  - Hadiza Dawi
AU  - Ibrahim Muduru
AU  - Bilyaminu Abdulkadir
Y1  - 2021/07/15
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20210702.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpst.20210702.11
T2  - American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology
JF  - American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology
JO  - American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology
SP  - 23
EP  - 28
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5986
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20210702.11
AB  - The inclination towards climate change and environmental pollution mitigation directs this research toward creating an alternative fuel source to fossil fuel for use in developing tropical countries. This study is designed to investigate biodiesel (alkyl esters) obtained by transesterification of blends of refined sunflower oil and beef tallow using NaOH as catalyst. Triglycerides in the oils reacted with alkanols to produce fatty acid alkyl esters (FAAE) and glyerols as by-product. A pretreatment process of esterification was carried out to remove excess free fatty acids (FFA). Some physical properties such as pour point, cloud point, flash point, density and kinematic viscosity were investigated for the sunflower oil/beef tallow (SO/BT) ratios. The examined physical properties of the methyl esters changed significantly as the beef tallow ratio in the mixture increased in the mixtures. The ratios of 40%SO/60%BT and 60%SO/40%BT exhibited values within standard range of biodiesel and petroleum diesel of ASTM D 6751 and EN 1424. The values of the cold-flow properties of the biodiesel ratios obtained are of convenience for use in tropical regions rather than polar regions.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download