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Factors Associated with Elderly Depression among Rural Bangladeshi Individuals

Received: 3 December 2013     Published: 20 January 2014
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Abstract

Background: Depression is a chronic disorder, which often remains undiagnosed. There is a gross lack of evidence-based information about depressive illnesses among adult individuals from rural Bangladesh. Objective: The present study aimed to determine the factors that are associated with depressive illness but remain undiagnosed among rural healthy adult individuals. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Demographic Surveillance System area of rural Mirzapur sub-district, during April to September 2010. A total of 130 apparently healthy individuals [no history of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, hepatic (serum alanine transaminase; ALT) or renal (serum creatinine) dysfunction; diabetic mellitus (fasting blood sugar)] aged 40 years and above were randomly selected from the DSS database. Level of depression was assessed using 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale. Results: Forty-two percent of the healthy participants were found to have mild depression, 17% were severely depressed. In multivariate analysis, females had a 2.79 [95% CI-0.94-8.26] times higher risk for depression compared to males. Healthy elderly individuals (≥60 years) had a 2.79 [0.94-8.33] times higher risk for depression compared to their middle-aged counterparts (40-59 years). Furthermore, individuals who consumed a vegetable-based diet were at 2.47 [0.85-7.15] times higher risk for depression; individuals with low monthly income were at 2.57 [0.94-7.01] times higher, and those with poor wealth index were 1.55 [1.07-2.25] times more likely to suffer from depression compared to their counterparts after adjusting for vitamin B12, folic acid, ALT, and blood hemoglobin. Conclusion: Healthy elderly individuals from rural Bangladesh were more depressed than middle-aged adults; and females with poor socio-economic status were at higher risk for depression than males.

Published in American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience (Volume 2, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajpn.20140201.11
Page(s) 1-7
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Bangladesh, Depression, Elderly, Healthy, Rural

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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Jui Das, Fahmida Dil Farzana, Farzana Ferdous, Shahnawaz Ahmed, Sarah Tegenfeldt, et al. (2014). Factors Associated with Elderly Depression among Rural Bangladeshi Individuals. American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 2(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20140201.11

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    ACS Style

    Jui Das; Fahmida Dil Farzana; Farzana Ferdous; Shahnawaz Ahmed; Sarah Tegenfeldt, et al. Factors Associated with Elderly Depression among Rural Bangladeshi Individuals. Am. J. Psychiatry Neurosci. 2014, 2(1), 1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpn.20140201.11

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    AMA Style

    Jui Das, Fahmida Dil Farzana, Farzana Ferdous, Shahnawaz Ahmed, Sarah Tegenfeldt, et al. Factors Associated with Elderly Depression among Rural Bangladeshi Individuals. Am J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2014;2(1):1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpn.20140201.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajpn.20140201.11,
      author = {Jui Das and Fahmida Dil Farzana and Farzana Ferdous and Shahnawaz Ahmed and Sarah Tegenfeldt and Repon Chandra Paul and Mohammod Jobayer Chisti and Abu Syed Golam Faruque and Sumon Kumar Das},
      title = {Factors Associated with Elderly Depression among Rural Bangladeshi Individuals},
      journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience},
      volume = {2},
      number = {1},
      pages = {1-7},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajpn.20140201.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20140201.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpn.20140201.11},
      abstract = {Background: Depression is a chronic disorder, which often remains undiagnosed. There is a gross lack of evidence-based information about depressive illnesses among adult individuals from rural Bangladesh. Objective:  The present study aimed to determine the factors that are associated with depressive illness but remain undiagnosed among rural healthy adult individuals. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Demographic Surveillance System area of rural Mirzapur sub-district, during April to September 2010. A total of 130 apparently healthy individuals [no history of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, hepatic (serum alanine transaminase; ALT) or renal (serum creatinine) dysfunction; diabetic mellitus (fasting blood sugar)] aged 40 years and above were randomly selected from the DSS database. Level of depression was assessed using 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale. Results: Forty-two percent of the healthy  participants were found to have mild depression, 17% were severely depressed. In multivariate analysis, females had a 2.79 [95% CI-0.94-8.26] times higher risk for depression compared to males. Healthy elderly individuals (≥60 years) had a 2.79 [0.94-8.33] times higher risk for depression compared to their middle-aged counterparts (40-59 years). Furthermore, individuals who consumed a vegetable-based diet were at 2.47 [0.85-7.15] times higher risk for depression; individuals with low monthly income were at 2.57 [0.94-7.01] times higher, and those with poor wealth index were 1.55 [1.07-2.25] times more likely to suffer from depression compared to their counterparts after adjusting for vitamin B12, folic acid, ALT, and blood hemoglobin. Conclusion: Healthy elderly individuals from rural Bangladesh were more depressed than middle-aged adults; and females with poor socio-economic status were at higher risk for depression than males.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Factors Associated with Elderly Depression among Rural Bangladeshi Individuals
    AU  - Jui Das
    AU  - Fahmida Dil Farzana
    AU  - Farzana Ferdous
    AU  - Shahnawaz Ahmed
    AU  - Sarah Tegenfeldt
    AU  - Repon Chandra Paul
    AU  - Mohammod Jobayer Chisti
    AU  - Abu Syed Golam Faruque
    AU  - Sumon Kumar Das
    Y1  - 2014/01/20
    PY  - 2014
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20140201.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpn.20140201.11
    T2  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
    JF  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
    JO  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
    SP  - 1
    EP  - 7
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-426X
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20140201.11
    AB  - Background: Depression is a chronic disorder, which often remains undiagnosed. There is a gross lack of evidence-based information about depressive illnesses among adult individuals from rural Bangladesh. Objective:  The present study aimed to determine the factors that are associated with depressive illness but remain undiagnosed among rural healthy adult individuals. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Demographic Surveillance System area of rural Mirzapur sub-district, during April to September 2010. A total of 130 apparently healthy individuals [no history of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, hepatic (serum alanine transaminase; ALT) or renal (serum creatinine) dysfunction; diabetic mellitus (fasting blood sugar)] aged 40 years and above were randomly selected from the DSS database. Level of depression was assessed using 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale. Results: Forty-two percent of the healthy  participants were found to have mild depression, 17% were severely depressed. In multivariate analysis, females had a 2.79 [95% CI-0.94-8.26] times higher risk for depression compared to males. Healthy elderly individuals (≥60 years) had a 2.79 [0.94-8.33] times higher risk for depression compared to their middle-aged counterparts (40-59 years). Furthermore, individuals who consumed a vegetable-based diet were at 2.47 [0.85-7.15] times higher risk for depression; individuals with low monthly income were at 2.57 [0.94-7.01] times higher, and those with poor wealth index were 1.55 [1.07-2.25] times more likely to suffer from depression compared to their counterparts after adjusting for vitamin B12, folic acid, ALT, and blood hemoglobin. Conclusion: Healthy elderly individuals from rural Bangladesh were more depressed than middle-aged adults; and females with poor socio-economic status were at higher risk for depression than males.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Centre for Nutrition and Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Bangladesh

  • Centre for Nutrition and Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Bangladesh

  • Centre for Nutrition and Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Bangladesh

  • Centre for Nutrition and Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Bangladesh

  • Centre for Nutrition and Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Bangladesh

  • Centre for Nutrition and Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Bangladesh

  • Centre for Nutrition and Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Bangladesh

  • Centre for Nutrition and Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Bangladesh

  • Centre for Nutrition and Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Bangladesh

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