Factors Associated with Elderly Depression among Rural Bangladeshi Individuals

Jui Das; Fahmida Dil Farzana; Farzana Ferdous; Shahnawaz Ahmed; Sarah Tegenfeldt; Repon Chandra Paul; Mohammod Jobayer Chisti; Abu Syed Golam Faruque; Sumon Kumar Das

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajpn.20140201.11

Factors Associated with Elderly Depression among Rural Bangladeshi Individuals

Jui Das, Fahmida Dil Farzana, Farzana Ferdous, Shahnawaz Ahmed, Sarah Tegenfeldt, Repon Chandra Paul, Mohammod Jobayer Chisti, Abu Syed Golam Faruque, Sumon Kumar Das

Published in American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience (Volume 2, Issue 1)

Received: 3 December 2013 Published: 20 January 2014

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Abstract

Background: Depression is a chronic disorder, which often remains undiagnosed. There is a gross lack of evidence-based information about depressive illnesses among adult individuals from rural Bangladesh. Objective: The present study aimed to determine the factors that are associated with depressive illness but remain undiagnosed among rural healthy adult individuals. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Demographic Surveillance System area of rural Mirzapur sub-district, during April to September 2010. A total of 130 apparently healthy individuals [no history of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, hepatic (serum alanine transaminase; ALT) or renal (serum creatinine) dysfunction; diabetic mellitus (fasting blood sugar)] aged 40 years and above were randomly selected from the DSS database. Level of depression was assessed using 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale. Results: Forty-two percent of the healthy participants were found to have mild depression, 17% were severely depressed. In multivariate analysis, females had a 2.79 [95% CI-0.94-8.26] times higher risk for depression compared to males. Healthy elderly individuals (≥60 years) had a 2.79 [0.94-8.33] times higher risk for depression compared to their middle-aged counterparts (40-59 years). Furthermore, individuals who consumed a vegetable-based diet were at 2.47 [0.85-7.15] times higher risk for depression; individuals with low monthly income were at 2.57 [0.94-7.01] times higher, and those with poor wealth index were 1.55 [1.07-2.25] times more likely to suffer from depression compared to their counterparts after adjusting for vitamin B12, folic acid, ALT, and blood hemoglobin. Conclusion: Healthy elderly individuals from rural Bangladesh were more depressed than middle-aged adults; and females with poor socio-economic status were at higher risk for depression than males.

Published in	American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience (Volume 2, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajpn.20140201.11
Page(s)	1-7
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Bangladesh, Depression, Elderly, Healthy, Rural

References

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APA Style

Jui Das, Fahmida Dil Farzana, Farzana Ferdous, Shahnawaz Ahmed, Sarah Tegenfeldt, et al. (2014). Factors Associated with Elderly Depression among Rural Bangladeshi Individuals. American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 2(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20140201.11

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ACS Style

Jui Das; Fahmida Dil Farzana; Farzana Ferdous; Shahnawaz Ahmed; Sarah Tegenfeldt, et al. Factors Associated with Elderly Depression among Rural Bangladeshi Individuals. Am. J. Psychiatry Neurosci. 2014, 2(1), 1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpn.20140201.11

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AMA Style

Jui Das, Fahmida Dil Farzana, Farzana Ferdous, Shahnawaz Ahmed, Sarah Tegenfeldt, et al. Factors Associated with Elderly Depression among Rural Bangladeshi Individuals. Am J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2014;2(1):1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpn.20140201.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpn.20140201.11,
  author = {Jui Das and Fahmida Dil Farzana and Farzana Ferdous and Shahnawaz Ahmed and Sarah Tegenfeldt and Repon Chandra Paul and Mohammod Jobayer Chisti and Abu Syed Golam Faruque and Sumon Kumar Das},
  title = {Factors Associated with Elderly Depression among Rural Bangladeshi Individuals},
  journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-7},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpn.20140201.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20140201.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpn.20140201.11},
  abstract = {Background: Depression is a chronic disorder, which often remains undiagnosed. There is a gross lack of evidence-based information about depressive illnesses among adult individuals from rural Bangladesh. Objective:  The present study aimed to determine the factors that are associated with depressive illness but remain undiagnosed among rural healthy adult individuals. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Demographic Surveillance System area of rural Mirzapur sub-district, during April to September 2010. A total of 130 apparently healthy individuals [no history of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, hepatic (serum alanine transaminase; ALT) or renal (serum creatinine) dysfunction; diabetic mellitus (fasting blood sugar)] aged 40 years and above were randomly selected from the DSS database. Level of depression was assessed using 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale. Results: Forty-two percent of the healthy  participants were found to have mild depression, 17% were severely depressed. In multivariate analysis, females had a 2.79 [95% CI-0.94-8.26] times higher risk for depression compared to males. Healthy elderly individuals (≥60 years) had a 2.79 [0.94-8.33] times higher risk for depression compared to their middle-aged counterparts (40-59 years). Furthermore, individuals who consumed a vegetable-based diet were at 2.47 [0.85-7.15] times higher risk for depression; individuals with low monthly income were at 2.57 [0.94-7.01] times higher, and those with poor wealth index were 1.55 [1.07-2.25] times more likely to suffer from depression compared to their counterparts after adjusting for vitamin B12, folic acid, ALT, and blood hemoglobin. Conclusion: Healthy elderly individuals from rural Bangladesh were more depressed than middle-aged adults; and females with poor socio-economic status were at higher risk for depression than males.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Factors Associated with Elderly Depression among Rural Bangladeshi Individuals
AU  - Jui Das
AU  - Fahmida Dil Farzana
AU  - Farzana Ferdous
AU  - Shahnawaz Ahmed
AU  - Sarah Tegenfeldt
AU  - Repon Chandra Paul
AU  - Mohammod Jobayer Chisti
AU  - Abu Syed Golam Faruque
AU  - Sumon Kumar Das
Y1  - 2014/01/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20140201.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpn.20140201.11
T2  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
JF  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
JO  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-426X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20140201.11
AB  - Background: Depression is a chronic disorder, which often remains undiagnosed. There is a gross lack of evidence-based information about depressive illnesses among adult individuals from rural Bangladesh. Objective:  The present study aimed to determine the factors that are associated with depressive illness but remain undiagnosed among rural healthy adult individuals. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Demographic Surveillance System area of rural Mirzapur sub-district, during April to September 2010. A total of 130 apparently healthy individuals [no history of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, hepatic (serum alanine transaminase; ALT) or renal (serum creatinine) dysfunction; diabetic mellitus (fasting blood sugar)] aged 40 years and above were randomly selected from the DSS database. Level of depression was assessed using 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale. Results: Forty-two percent of the healthy  participants were found to have mild depression, 17% were severely depressed. In multivariate analysis, females had a 2.79 [95% CI-0.94-8.26] times higher risk for depression compared to males. Healthy elderly individuals (≥60 years) had a 2.79 [0.94-8.33] times higher risk for depression compared to their middle-aged counterparts (40-59 years). Furthermore, individuals who consumed a vegetable-based diet were at 2.47 [0.85-7.15] times higher risk for depression; individuals with low monthly income were at 2.57 [0.94-7.01] times higher, and those with poor wealth index were 1.55 [1.07-2.25] times more likely to suffer from depression compared to their counterparts after adjusting for vitamin B12, folic acid, ALT, and blood hemoglobin. Conclusion: Healthy elderly individuals from rural Bangladesh were more depressed than middle-aged adults; and females with poor socio-economic status were at higher risk for depression than males.
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Jui Das

Centre for Nutrition and Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Bangladesh
Fahmida Dil Farzana

Centre for Nutrition and Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Bangladesh
Farzana Ferdous

Centre for Nutrition and Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Bangladesh
Shahnawaz Ahmed

Centre for Nutrition and Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Bangladesh
Sarah Tegenfeldt

Centre for Nutrition and Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Bangladesh
Repon Chandra Paul

Centre for Nutrition and Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Bangladesh
Mohammod Jobayer Chisti

Centre for Nutrition and Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Bangladesh
Abu Syed Golam Faruque

Centre for Nutrition and Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Bangladesh
Sumon Kumar Das

Centre for Nutrition and Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Bangladesh

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APA Style

Jui Das, Fahmida Dil Farzana, Farzana Ferdous, Shahnawaz Ahmed, Sarah Tegenfeldt, et al. (2014). Factors Associated with Elderly Depression among Rural Bangladeshi Individuals. American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 2(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20140201.11

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ACS Style

Jui Das; Fahmida Dil Farzana; Farzana Ferdous; Shahnawaz Ahmed; Sarah Tegenfeldt, et al. Factors Associated with Elderly Depression among Rural Bangladeshi Individuals. Am. J. Psychiatry Neurosci. 2014, 2(1), 1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpn.20140201.11

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AMA Style

Jui Das, Fahmida Dil Farzana, Farzana Ferdous, Shahnawaz Ahmed, Sarah Tegenfeldt, et al. Factors Associated with Elderly Depression among Rural Bangladeshi Individuals. Am J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2014;2(1):1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpn.20140201.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpn.20140201.11,
  author = {Jui Das and Fahmida Dil Farzana and Farzana Ferdous and Shahnawaz Ahmed and Sarah Tegenfeldt and Repon Chandra Paul and Mohammod Jobayer Chisti and Abu Syed Golam Faruque and Sumon Kumar Das},
  title = {Factors Associated with Elderly Depression among Rural Bangladeshi Individuals},
  journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-7},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpn.20140201.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20140201.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpn.20140201.11},
  abstract = {Background: Depression is a chronic disorder, which often remains undiagnosed. There is a gross lack of evidence-based information about depressive illnesses among adult individuals from rural Bangladesh. Objective:  The present study aimed to determine the factors that are associated with depressive illness but remain undiagnosed among rural healthy adult individuals. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Demographic Surveillance System area of rural Mirzapur sub-district, during April to September 2010. A total of 130 apparently healthy individuals [no history of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, hepatic (serum alanine transaminase; ALT) or renal (serum creatinine) dysfunction; diabetic mellitus (fasting blood sugar)] aged 40 years and above were randomly selected from the DSS database. Level of depression was assessed using 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale. Results: Forty-two percent of the healthy  participants were found to have mild depression, 17% were severely depressed. In multivariate analysis, females had a 2.79 [95% CI-0.94-8.26] times higher risk for depression compared to males. Healthy elderly individuals (≥60 years) had a 2.79 [0.94-8.33] times higher risk for depression compared to their middle-aged counterparts (40-59 years). Furthermore, individuals who consumed a vegetable-based diet were at 2.47 [0.85-7.15] times higher risk for depression; individuals with low monthly income were at 2.57 [0.94-7.01] times higher, and those with poor wealth index were 1.55 [1.07-2.25] times more likely to suffer from depression compared to their counterparts after adjusting for vitamin B12, folic acid, ALT, and blood hemoglobin. Conclusion: Healthy elderly individuals from rural Bangladesh were more depressed than middle-aged adults; and females with poor socio-economic status were at higher risk for depression than males.},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Factors Associated with Elderly Depression among Rural Bangladeshi Individuals
AU  - Jui Das
AU  - Fahmida Dil Farzana
AU  - Farzana Ferdous
AU  - Shahnawaz Ahmed
AU  - Sarah Tegenfeldt
AU  - Repon Chandra Paul
AU  - Mohammod Jobayer Chisti
AU  - Abu Syed Golam Faruque
AU  - Sumon Kumar Das
Y1  - 2014/01/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20140201.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpn.20140201.11
T2  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
JF  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
JO  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-426X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20140201.11
AB  - Background: Depression is a chronic disorder, which often remains undiagnosed. There is a gross lack of evidence-based information about depressive illnesses among adult individuals from rural Bangladesh. Objective:  The present study aimed to determine the factors that are associated with depressive illness but remain undiagnosed among rural healthy adult individuals. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Demographic Surveillance System area of rural Mirzapur sub-district, during April to September 2010. A total of 130 apparently healthy individuals [no history of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, hepatic (serum alanine transaminase; ALT) or renal (serum creatinine) dysfunction; diabetic mellitus (fasting blood sugar)] aged 40 years and above were randomly selected from the DSS database. Level of depression was assessed using 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale. Results: Forty-two percent of the healthy  participants were found to have mild depression, 17% were severely depressed. In multivariate analysis, females had a 2.79 [95% CI-0.94-8.26] times higher risk for depression compared to males. Healthy elderly individuals (≥60 years) had a 2.79 [0.94-8.33] times higher risk for depression compared to their middle-aged counterparts (40-59 years). Furthermore, individuals who consumed a vegetable-based diet were at 2.47 [0.85-7.15] times higher risk for depression; individuals with low monthly income were at 2.57 [0.94-7.01] times higher, and those with poor wealth index were 1.55 [1.07-2.25] times more likely to suffer from depression compared to their counterparts after adjusting for vitamin B12, folic acid, ALT, and blood hemoglobin. Conclusion: Healthy elderly individuals from rural Bangladesh were more depressed than middle-aged adults; and females with poor socio-economic status were at higher risk for depression than males.
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
ER  -

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