Synthesis of Silver-2-Aminophenol-Cyclodextrin Nanomaterials and pH Dependent of 2-Aminophenol-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes

Narayanasamy Rajendiran; Ayyadurai Mani; Palanichamy Ramasamy; Sengamalai Senthilmurugan

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajpc.20261502.11

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| Peer-Reviewed

Synthesis of Silver-2-Aminophenol-Cyclodextrin Nanomaterials and pH Dependent of 2-Aminophenol-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes

Narayanasamy Rajendiran^*

, Ayyadurai Mani

, Palanichamy Ramasamy

, Sengamalai Senthilmurugan

Published in American Journal of Physical Chemistry (Volume 15, Issue 2)

Received: 11 March 2026 Accepted: 23 March 2026 Published: 10 April 2026

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Abstract

The spectral characteristics of 2-aminophenol (2AP) in various solvents, α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) at pH~3, pH~7, and pH~11, were investigated using UV-visible, fluorescence, time-resolved fluorescence measurements, and PM3 computational methods. The Ag: 2AP: CD nanomaterials were synthesized and characterized by SEM, FTIR, and XRD techniques. In all the pH conditions, 2AP exhibited distinct absorption and emission shifts upon complexation with α-CD and β-CD. In various solvents, the absorption and emission maxima of 2AP were similar to those of 2-anisidine. 2AP showed a single broad emission band in all solvents, whereas dual emission observed in CD solutions indicates the presence of an intramolecular proton transfer (IPT) process in the 2AP molecule. The lifetimes of the inclusion complexes were longer than that of the free 2AP molecule. The geometrical restriction of the α-CD cavity likely limits the free rotation of the amino and hydroxyl groups, thereby enhancing the intensity of the IPT emission. The calculated HOMO-LUMO energy gap, total energy, free energy, enthalpy, entropy, dipole moment, and zero-point vibrational energy of the CD: 2AP complex differed significantly from those of the isolated 2AP, α-CD and β-CD molecules, and both the vertical and horizontal bond lengths between the amino and hydroxy groups are smaller than the β-CD cavity size confirming the formation of an inclusion complex. SEM-EDX data confirmed the presence of 5.5% silver in the nanomaterials.

Published in	American Journal of Physical Chemistry (Volume 15, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajpc.20261502.11
Page(s)	22-32
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

2-aminophenol, Cyclodextrin, Silver Nano, pH Effects, Excimer

References

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Rajendiran, N., Mani, A., Ramasamy, P., Senthilmurugan, S. (2026). Synthesis of Silver-2-Aminophenol-Cyclodextrin Nanomaterials and pH Dependent of 2-Aminophenol-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes. American Journal of Physical Chemistry, 15(2), 22-32. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20261502.11

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Rajendiran, N.; Mani, A.; Ramasamy, P.; Senthilmurugan, S. Synthesis of Silver-2-Aminophenol-Cyclodextrin Nanomaterials and pH Dependent of 2-Aminophenol-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes. Am. J. Phys. Chem. 2026, 15(2), 22-32. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpc.20261502.11

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Rajendiran N, Mani A, Ramasamy P, Senthilmurugan S. Synthesis of Silver-2-Aminophenol-Cyclodextrin Nanomaterials and pH Dependent of 2-Aminophenol-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes. Am J Phys Chem. 2026;15(2):22-32. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpc.20261502.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpc.20261502.11,
  author = {Narayanasamy Rajendiran and Ayyadurai Mani and Palanichamy Ramasamy and Sengamalai Senthilmurugan},
  title = {Synthesis of Silver-2-Aminophenol-Cyclodextrin Nanomaterials and pH Dependent of 2-Aminophenol-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes},
  journal = {American Journal of Physical Chemistry},
  volume = {15},
  number = {2},
  pages = {22-32},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpc.20261502.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20261502.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpc.20261502.11},
  abstract = {The spectral characteristics of 2-aminophenol (2AP) in various solvents, α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) at pH~3, pH~7, and pH~11, were investigated using UV-visible, fluorescence, time-resolved fluorescence measurements, and PM3 computational methods. The Ag: 2AP: CD nanomaterials were synthesized and characterized by SEM, FTIR, and XRD techniques. In all the pH conditions, 2AP exhibited distinct absorption and emission shifts upon complexation with α-CD and β-CD. In various solvents, the absorption and emission maxima of 2AP were similar to those of 2-anisidine. 2AP showed a single broad emission band in all solvents, whereas dual emission observed in CD solutions indicates the presence of an intramolecular proton transfer (IPT) process in the 2AP molecule. The lifetimes of the inclusion complexes were longer than that of the free 2AP molecule. The geometrical restriction of the α-CD cavity likely limits the free rotation of the amino and hydroxyl groups, thereby enhancing the intensity of the IPT emission. The calculated HOMO-LUMO energy gap, total energy, free energy, enthalpy, entropy, dipole moment, and zero-point vibrational energy of the CD: 2AP complex differed significantly from those of the isolated 2AP, α-CD and β-CD molecules, and both the vertical and horizontal bond lengths between the amino and hydroxy groups are smaller than the β-CD cavity size confirming the formation of an inclusion complex. SEM-EDX data confirmed the presence of 5.5% silver in the nanomaterials.},
 year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Synthesis of Silver-2-Aminophenol-Cyclodextrin Nanomaterials and pH Dependent of 2-Aminophenol-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes
AU  - Narayanasamy Rajendiran
AU  - Ayyadurai Mani
AU  - Palanichamy Ramasamy
AU  - Sengamalai Senthilmurugan
Y1  - 2026/04/10
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20261502.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpc.20261502.11
T2  - American Journal of Physical Chemistry
JF  - American Journal of Physical Chemistry
JO  - American Journal of Physical Chemistry
SP  - 22
EP  - 32
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2449
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20261502.11
AB  - The spectral characteristics of 2-aminophenol (2AP) in various solvents, α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) at pH~3, pH~7, and pH~11, were investigated using UV-visible, fluorescence, time-resolved fluorescence measurements, and PM3 computational methods. The Ag: 2AP: CD nanomaterials were synthesized and characterized by SEM, FTIR, and XRD techniques. In all the pH conditions, 2AP exhibited distinct absorption and emission shifts upon complexation with α-CD and β-CD. In various solvents, the absorption and emission maxima of 2AP were similar to those of 2-anisidine. 2AP showed a single broad emission band in all solvents, whereas dual emission observed in CD solutions indicates the presence of an intramolecular proton transfer (IPT) process in the 2AP molecule. The lifetimes of the inclusion complexes were longer than that of the free 2AP molecule. The geometrical restriction of the α-CD cavity likely limits the free rotation of the amino and hydroxyl groups, thereby enhancing the intensity of the IPT emission. The calculated HOMO-LUMO energy gap, total energy, free energy, enthalpy, entropy, dipole moment, and zero-point vibrational energy of the CD: 2AP complex differed significantly from those of the isolated 2AP, α-CD and β-CD molecules, and both the vertical and horizontal bond lengths between the amino and hydroxy groups are smaller than the β-CD cavity size confirming the formation of an inclusion complex. SEM-EDX data confirmed the presence of 5.5% silver in the nanomaterials.
VL  - 15
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Narayanasamy Rajendiran

Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, India

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http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5860-6609
Ayyadurai Mani

Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, India

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http://orcid.org/0009-0007-9024-7179
Palanichamy Ramasamy

Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India

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http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0393-0417
Sengamalai Senthilmurugan

Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, India

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http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0204-4245

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Rajendiran, N., Mani, A., Ramasamy, P., Senthilmurugan, S. (2026). Synthesis of Silver-2-Aminophenol-Cyclodextrin Nanomaterials and pH Dependent of 2-Aminophenol-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes. American Journal of Physical Chemistry, 15(2), 22-32. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20261502.11

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Rajendiran, N.; Mani, A.; Ramasamy, P.; Senthilmurugan, S. Synthesis of Silver-2-Aminophenol-Cyclodextrin Nanomaterials and pH Dependent of 2-Aminophenol-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes. Am. J. Phys. Chem. 2026, 15(2), 22-32. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpc.20261502.11

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AMA Style

Rajendiran N, Mani A, Ramasamy P, Senthilmurugan S. Synthesis of Silver-2-Aminophenol-Cyclodextrin Nanomaterials and pH Dependent of 2-Aminophenol-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes. Am J Phys Chem. 2026;15(2):22-32. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpc.20261502.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpc.20261502.11,
  author = {Narayanasamy Rajendiran and Ayyadurai Mani and Palanichamy Ramasamy and Sengamalai Senthilmurugan},
  title = {Synthesis of Silver-2-Aminophenol-Cyclodextrin Nanomaterials and pH Dependent of 2-Aminophenol-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes},
  journal = {American Journal of Physical Chemistry},
  volume = {15},
  number = {2},
  pages = {22-32},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpc.20261502.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20261502.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpc.20261502.11},
  abstract = {The spectral characteristics of 2-aminophenol (2AP) in various solvents, α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) at pH~3, pH~7, and pH~11, were investigated using UV-visible, fluorescence, time-resolved fluorescence measurements, and PM3 computational methods. The Ag: 2AP: CD nanomaterials were synthesized and characterized by SEM, FTIR, and XRD techniques. In all the pH conditions, 2AP exhibited distinct absorption and emission shifts upon complexation with α-CD and β-CD. In various solvents, the absorption and emission maxima of 2AP were similar to those of 2-anisidine. 2AP showed a single broad emission band in all solvents, whereas dual emission observed in CD solutions indicates the presence of an intramolecular proton transfer (IPT) process in the 2AP molecule. The lifetimes of the inclusion complexes were longer than that of the free 2AP molecule. The geometrical restriction of the α-CD cavity likely limits the free rotation of the amino and hydroxyl groups, thereby enhancing the intensity of the IPT emission. The calculated HOMO-LUMO energy gap, total energy, free energy, enthalpy, entropy, dipole moment, and zero-point vibrational energy of the CD: 2AP complex differed significantly from those of the isolated 2AP, α-CD and β-CD molecules, and both the vertical and horizontal bond lengths between the amino and hydroxy groups are smaller than the β-CD cavity size confirming the formation of an inclusion complex. SEM-EDX data confirmed the presence of 5.5% silver in the nanomaterials.},
 year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Synthesis of Silver-2-Aminophenol-Cyclodextrin Nanomaterials and pH Dependent of 2-Aminophenol-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes
AU  - Narayanasamy Rajendiran
AU  - Ayyadurai Mani
AU  - Palanichamy Ramasamy
AU  - Sengamalai Senthilmurugan
Y1  - 2026/04/10
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20261502.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpc.20261502.11
T2  - American Journal of Physical Chemistry
JF  - American Journal of Physical Chemistry
JO  - American Journal of Physical Chemistry
SP  - 22
EP  - 32
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2449
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20261502.11
AB  - The spectral characteristics of 2-aminophenol (2AP) in various solvents, α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) at pH~3, pH~7, and pH~11, were investigated using UV-visible, fluorescence, time-resolved fluorescence measurements, and PM3 computational methods. The Ag: 2AP: CD nanomaterials were synthesized and characterized by SEM, FTIR, and XRD techniques. In all the pH conditions, 2AP exhibited distinct absorption and emission shifts upon complexation with α-CD and β-CD. In various solvents, the absorption and emission maxima of 2AP were similar to those of 2-anisidine. 2AP showed a single broad emission band in all solvents, whereas dual emission observed in CD solutions indicates the presence of an intramolecular proton transfer (IPT) process in the 2AP molecule. The lifetimes of the inclusion complexes were longer than that of the free 2AP molecule. The geometrical restriction of the α-CD cavity likely limits the free rotation of the amino and hydroxyl groups, thereby enhancing the intensity of the IPT emission. The calculated HOMO-LUMO energy gap, total energy, free energy, enthalpy, entropy, dipole moment, and zero-point vibrational energy of the CD: 2AP complex differed significantly from those of the isolated 2AP, α-CD and β-CD molecules, and both the vertical and horizontal bond lengths between the amino and hydroxy groups are smaller than the β-CD cavity size confirming the formation of an inclusion complex. SEM-EDX data confirmed the presence of 5.5% silver in the nanomaterials.
VL  - 15
IS  - 2
ER  -

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