Structural and Phase States and Properties of Plasma Coating of High-Speed Molybdenum Steel After Tempering

Irina Viktorovna Baklushina; Yuriy Fedorovich Ivanov; Victor Evgenievich Gromov; Igor Yurievich Litovchenko; Yuriy Sergeewich Serenkov; Alexander Sergeevich Chapaikin

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajmp.20251406.11

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Structural and Phase States and Properties of Plasma Coating of High-Speed Molybdenum Steel After Tempering

Irina Viktorovna Baklushina^*

, Yuriy Fedorovich Ivanov

, Victor Evgenievich Gromov

, Igor Yurievich Litovchenko

, Yuriy Sergeewich Serenkov

, Alexander Sergeevich Chapaikin

Published in American Journal of Modern Physics (Volume 14, Issue 6)

Received: 4 August 2025 Accepted: 16 August 2025 Published: 3 December 2025

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Abstract

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the structural and phase states, as well as the properties of plasma coatings on high-speed molybdenum steel after tempering. Advanced techniques, including scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and microcomposition analysis, were employed to investigate the impact of heat treatment on the microstructure and phase composition of the coating. Using methods of modern physical materials science, the structure, mechanical and tribological properties of the surface of a plasma deposited layer in a nitrogen medium with high-speed molybdenum steel on a substrate made of CSN 14331 medium carbon steel subjected to two times tempering at a temperature of 560-580°C for 1 hour have been studied. It was found that tempering of the deposited layer does not lead to a change in the morphology of the polycrystalline structure formed by eutectic grains and grains of a solid solution based on α-iron (BCC crystal lattice). The main phases are α-Fe (85% wt.) and carbides of complex composition Me₂₃C₆ (9% wt.) and Me₆C (6% wt.), forming eutectic grains. The formation of nanoscale particles of iron and chromium carbides along the boundaries of martensite crystals formed during the transformation of residual austenite during tempering has been revealed. The hardness of the deposited layer is 4.3 times higher than the hardness of the substrate, the wear parameter is 1.5 * 10-6mm³/ N*m, and the coefficient of friction is 0.66.

Published in	American Journal of Modern Physics (Volume 14, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajmp.20251406.11
Page(s)	234-243
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

High-Speed Molybdenum Steel, Surfacing, Plasma Method, Heat Treatment, Elemental and Phase Composition, Defective Substructure, Hardness, Wear Resistance

References

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APA Style

Baklushina, I. V., Ivanov, Y. F., Gromov, V. E., Litovchenko, I. Y., Serenkov, Y. S., et al. (2025). Structural and Phase States and Properties of Plasma Coating of High-Speed Molybdenum Steel After Tempering. American Journal of Modern Physics, 14(6), 234-243. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20251406.11

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ACS Style

Baklushina, I. V.; Ivanov, Y. F.; Gromov, V. E.; Litovchenko, I. Y.; Serenkov, Y. S., et al. Structural and Phase States and Properties of Plasma Coating of High-Speed Molybdenum Steel After Tempering. Am. J. Mod. Phys. 2025, 14(6), 234-243. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20251406.11

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AMA Style

Baklushina IV, Ivanov YF, Gromov VE, Litovchenko IY, Serenkov YS, et al. Structural and Phase States and Properties of Plasma Coating of High-Speed Molybdenum Steel After Tempering. Am J Mod Phys. 2025;14(6):234-243. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20251406.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajmp.20251406.11,
  author = {Irina Viktorovna Baklushina and Yuriy Fedorovich Ivanov and Victor Evgenievich Gromov and Igor Yurievich Litovchenko and Yuriy Sergeewich Serenkov and Alexander Sergeevich Chapaikin},
  title = {Structural and Phase States and Properties of Plasma Coating of High-Speed Molybdenum Steel After Tempering
},
  journal = {American Journal of Modern Physics},
  volume = {14},
  number = {6},
  pages = {234-243},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajmp.20251406.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20251406.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmp.20251406.11},
  abstract = {This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the structural and phase states, as well as the properties of plasma coatings on high-speed molybdenum steel after tempering. Advanced techniques, including scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and microcomposition analysis, were employed to investigate the impact of heat treatment on the microstructure and phase composition of the coating. Using methods of modern physical materials science, the structure, mechanical and tribological properties of the surface of a plasma deposited layer in a nitrogen medium with high-speed molybdenum steel on a substrate made of CSN 14331 medium carbon steel subjected to two times tempering at a temperature of 560-580°C for 1 hour have been studied. It was found that tempering of the deposited layer does not lead to a change in the morphology of the polycrystalline structure formed by eutectic grains and grains of a solid solution based on α-iron (BCC crystal lattice). The main phases are α-Fe (85% wt.) and carbides of complex composition Me23C6 (9% wt.) and Me6C (6% wt.), forming eutectic grains. The formation of nanoscale particles of iron and chromium carbides along the boundaries of martensite crystals formed during the transformation of residual austenite during tempering has been revealed. The hardness of the deposited layer is 4.3 times higher than the hardness of the substrate, the wear parameter is 1.5 * 10-6mm3/ N*m, and the coefficient of friction is 0.66.
},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Structural and Phase States and Properties of Plasma Coating of High-Speed Molybdenum Steel After Tempering

AU  - Irina Viktorovna Baklushina
AU  - Yuriy Fedorovich Ivanov
AU  - Victor Evgenievich Gromov
AU  - Igor Yurievich Litovchenko
AU  - Yuriy Sergeewich Serenkov
AU  - Alexander Sergeevich Chapaikin
Y1  - 2025/12/03
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20251406.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmp.20251406.11
T2  - American Journal of Modern Physics
JF  - American Journal of Modern Physics
JO  - American Journal of Modern Physics
SP  - 234
EP  - 243
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-8891
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20251406.11
AB  - This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the structural and phase states, as well as the properties of plasma coatings on high-speed molybdenum steel after tempering. Advanced techniques, including scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and microcomposition analysis, were employed to investigate the impact of heat treatment on the microstructure and phase composition of the coating. Using methods of modern physical materials science, the structure, mechanical and tribological properties of the surface of a plasma deposited layer in a nitrogen medium with high-speed molybdenum steel on a substrate made of CSN 14331 medium carbon steel subjected to two times tempering at a temperature of 560-580°C for 1 hour have been studied. It was found that tempering of the deposited layer does not lead to a change in the morphology of the polycrystalline structure formed by eutectic grains and grains of a solid solution based on α-iron (BCC crystal lattice). The main phases are α-Fe (85% wt.) and carbides of complex composition Me23C6 (9% wt.) and Me6C (6% wt.), forming eutectic grains. The formation of nanoscale particles of iron and chromium carbides along the boundaries of martensite crystals formed during the transformation of residual austenite during tempering has been revealed. The hardness of the deposited layer is 4.3 times higher than the hardness of the substrate, the wear parameter is 1.5 * 10-6mm3/ N*m, and the coefficient of friction is 0.66.

VL  - 14
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Irina Viktorovna Baklushina

Department of Natural Sciences, Siberian State Industrial University, Novokuznetsk, Russia

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-3260
Yuriy Fedorovich Ivanov

Laboratory of Plasma Emission Electronics, Institute of High-Current Electronics, Tomsk, Russia

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8022-7958
Victor Evgenievich Gromov

Department of Natural Sciences, Siberian State Industrial University, Novokuznetsk, Russia

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5147-5343
Igor Yurievich Litovchenko

Laboratory of Materials Science of Shape Memory Alloys, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Tomsk, Russia

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5892-3719
Yuriy Sergeewich Serenkov

Department of Natural Sciences, Siberian State Industrial University, Novokuznetsk, Russia

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7677-8837
Alexander Sergeevich Chapaikin

Department of Natural Sciences, Siberian State Industrial University, Novokuznetsk, Russia

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0009-8160-7827

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Baklushina, I. V., Ivanov, Y. F., Gromov, V. E., Litovchenko, I. Y., Serenkov, Y. S., et al. (2025). Structural and Phase States and Properties of Plasma Coating of High-Speed Molybdenum Steel After Tempering. American Journal of Modern Physics, 14(6), 234-243. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20251406.11

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ACS Style

Baklushina, I. V.; Ivanov, Y. F.; Gromov, V. E.; Litovchenko, I. Y.; Serenkov, Y. S., et al. Structural and Phase States and Properties of Plasma Coating of High-Speed Molybdenum Steel After Tempering. Am. J. Mod. Phys. 2025, 14(6), 234-243. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20251406.11

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AMA Style

Baklushina IV, Ivanov YF, Gromov VE, Litovchenko IY, Serenkov YS, et al. Structural and Phase States and Properties of Plasma Coating of High-Speed Molybdenum Steel After Tempering. Am J Mod Phys. 2025;14(6):234-243. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20251406.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajmp.20251406.11,
  author = {Irina Viktorovna Baklushina and Yuriy Fedorovich Ivanov and Victor Evgenievich Gromov and Igor Yurievich Litovchenko and Yuriy Sergeewich Serenkov and Alexander Sergeevich Chapaikin},
  title = {Structural and Phase States and Properties of Plasma Coating of High-Speed Molybdenum Steel After Tempering
},
  journal = {American Journal of Modern Physics},
  volume = {14},
  number = {6},
  pages = {234-243},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajmp.20251406.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20251406.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmp.20251406.11},
  abstract = {This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the structural and phase states, as well as the properties of plasma coatings on high-speed molybdenum steel after tempering. Advanced techniques, including scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and microcomposition analysis, were employed to investigate the impact of heat treatment on the microstructure and phase composition of the coating. Using methods of modern physical materials science, the structure, mechanical and tribological properties of the surface of a plasma deposited layer in a nitrogen medium with high-speed molybdenum steel on a substrate made of CSN 14331 medium carbon steel subjected to two times tempering at a temperature of 560-580°C for 1 hour have been studied. It was found that tempering of the deposited layer does not lead to a change in the morphology of the polycrystalline structure formed by eutectic grains and grains of a solid solution based on α-iron (BCC crystal lattice). The main phases are α-Fe (85% wt.) and carbides of complex composition Me23C6 (9% wt.) and Me6C (6% wt.), forming eutectic grains. The formation of nanoscale particles of iron and chromium carbides along the boundaries of martensite crystals formed during the transformation of residual austenite during tempering has been revealed. The hardness of the deposited layer is 4.3 times higher than the hardness of the substrate, the wear parameter is 1.5 * 10-6mm3/ N*m, and the coefficient of friction is 0.66.
},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Structural and Phase States and Properties of Plasma Coating of High-Speed Molybdenum Steel After Tempering

AU  - Irina Viktorovna Baklushina
AU  - Yuriy Fedorovich Ivanov
AU  - Victor Evgenievich Gromov
AU  - Igor Yurievich Litovchenko
AU  - Yuriy Sergeewich Serenkov
AU  - Alexander Sergeevich Chapaikin
Y1  - 2025/12/03
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20251406.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmp.20251406.11
T2  - American Journal of Modern Physics
JF  - American Journal of Modern Physics
JO  - American Journal of Modern Physics
SP  - 234
EP  - 243
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-8891
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20251406.11
AB  - This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the structural and phase states, as well as the properties of plasma coatings on high-speed molybdenum steel after tempering. Advanced techniques, including scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and microcomposition analysis, were employed to investigate the impact of heat treatment on the microstructure and phase composition of the coating. Using methods of modern physical materials science, the structure, mechanical and tribological properties of the surface of a plasma deposited layer in a nitrogen medium with high-speed molybdenum steel on a substrate made of CSN 14331 medium carbon steel subjected to two times tempering at a temperature of 560-580°C for 1 hour have been studied. It was found that tempering of the deposited layer does not lead to a change in the morphology of the polycrystalline structure formed by eutectic grains and grains of a solid solution based on α-iron (BCC crystal lattice). The main phases are α-Fe (85% wt.) and carbides of complex composition Me23C6 (9% wt.) and Me6C (6% wt.), forming eutectic grains. The formation of nanoscale particles of iron and chromium carbides along the boundaries of martensite crystals formed during the transformation of residual austenite during tempering has been revealed. The hardness of the deposited layer is 4.3 times higher than the hardness of the substrate, the wear parameter is 1.5 * 10-6mm3/ N*m, and the coefficient of friction is 0.66.

VL  - 14
IS  - 6
ER  -

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