A Simplified Calibration of Liquid Hold-Up and Film Thickness in Annular Flow in Horizontal Pipe

Osokogwu Uche

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajme.20210703.12

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A Simplified Calibration of Liquid Hold-Up and Film Thickness in Annular Flow in Horizontal Pipe

Osokogwu Uche

Published in American Journal of Modern Energy (Volume 7, Issue 3)

Received: 25 February 2021 Accepted: 22 March 2021 Published: 23 August 2021

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Abstract

Annular flow is majorly encountered in petroleum industry, where gas and liquid are conveyed from gas wells or oil wells (dominated by gas) to the surface through the transport lines. A simplified annular flow bench calibration for liquid hold-up and film thickness in horizontal pipe was conducted using water/air in a 2-inch (50mm) Plexiglas pipe test tube with a length of 154mm. The calibration was achieved using five different acryl plastic rods inserts of 49mm, 48mm, 47mm, 46mm and 45mm with a length of 153mm respectively. The 2-inch (50mm) plexiglass test tube was installed with two pairs of conductivity ring sensors for liquid hold-up and the flush-mounted conductance probe sensor for liquid film thickness. The acts of measuring, recording and transmitting the data to a usable state were achieved using a digital data acquistion system (Labview). The conductivity ring sensors C1 and C2 results which were for the liquid hold-up in the calibration gave R-factors of 0.9962 and 0.9947 respectively, while the conductance probe sensor for the liquid film thickness presented an R-factor of 0.9949.

Published in	American Journal of Modern Energy (Volume 7, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajme.20210703.12
Page(s)	36-44
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Conductance, Sensors, Film Thickness, Acryl Rods, Annular Flow

References

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[3]	Butterworth, D. (1972) “Air-Water Annular Flow in a Horizontal Tube”, Prog. Heat Mass Transfer, 6, 235-251.
[4]	Chien, S and Ibele, W., (1964) “Pressure Drop and Liquid Film Thickness of Two-Phase Annular and Annular-Mist Flows”, ASME J. Heat Transfer, 86, pp. 80-86.
[5]	Chao, T, Dong, F and Shi, Y (2011) “Data Fusion for Measurement of Water Holdup in Horizontal Pipes by Conductivity Rings” IEEE, 978-1.
[6]	Coney, M. W. E (1973) “The Theory and Application of Conductance Probes for the Measurement of Liquid Film Thickness in Two-phase Flow” Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments, Vol. 6, pp. 903-910.
[7]	Fossa, M (1998) “Design and performance of a conductance probe for measuring the liquid fraction in two-phase gas-liquid flows” Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, Volume 9, Issue 2, June, pp. 103-109, ELSEVIER.
[8]	Kesana, N. R., Throneberry, J. M., Mclaury, B. S., Shirazi, S. A and Rybicki, E. F, (2012) “Effect of Particle Size and Viscosity on Erosion in Annular and Slug Flow” Proceedings of the ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition IMECE2012, November 9-15, 2012, Houston, Texas, USA.
[9]	Lin, P. Y (1985) “Flow Regime Transitions in Horizontal Gas- Liquid Flow”, PhD. Thesis, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana.
[10]	McManus, H. N. Jr. “Local Liquid Distribution and Pressure Drops in Annular Two-Phase Flow, " paper 61-HYD-20 presented at the 1961 ASME Hydraulic Conference, Montreal, Canada.
[11]	Pearce, D. L. and Fisher, S. A. (1979) A Theoretical Model for describing Horizontal Annular Flows, In Two-Phase Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer in Chemical, Process and Energy Engineering Systems, pp. 327-333, Hemisphere/McGraw-Hill, Washington, D.C.
[12]	Shi, F., Kirby, J. T., and Ma, G., 2010, Modeling quisecent phase transport of air bubbles induced by breaking waves, Ocean Modelling, 35, pp. 105-117.
[13]	Sergey, V. Alekseenko, Andrey, V. Cherdantsev, Mikhail, V. Cherdantsev, Sergey, V. Isaenkov, Sergey, M. Kharlamov and Dmitriy, M. Markovich (2014) “Formation of Disturbance Waves in Annular Gas-Liquid Flow” Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics, Novosibirsk, Russia, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia, 17th International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics, Lisbon, Portugal, 07-10 July, 2014.
[14]	Setyawan, A., Indarto and Deendarlianto (2016) “The Effect of the Fluid Properties on the Wave Velocity and Wave Frequency of Gas-Liquid Annular Two-Phase Flow in a Horizontal Pipe” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, ELSEVIER, Vol. 71, pp 25-41.
[15]	Shedd, T. A., (2001) “Characteristics of the Liquid Film in Horizontal Two-Phase Flow”, Thesis for Doctor of Phil. In Mechanical Engineering the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
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[18]	Uche Osokogwu (2018) “Effects of Liquid Velocity on Pressure Gradient, Slip and Interfacial Friction Factor in Annular Flow in Horizontal Pipe” EJERS, European Journal of Engineering Research and Science Vol. 3, No. 8, August.
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Osokogwu Uche. (2021). A Simplified Calibration of Liquid Hold-Up and Film Thickness in Annular Flow in Horizontal Pipe. American Journal of Modern Energy, 7(3), 36-44. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajme.20210703.12

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ACS Style

Osokogwu Uche. A Simplified Calibration of Liquid Hold-Up and Film Thickness in Annular Flow in Horizontal Pipe. Am. J. Mod. Energy 2021, 7(3), 36-44. doi: 10.11648/j.ajme.20210703.12

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AMA Style

Osokogwu Uche. A Simplified Calibration of Liquid Hold-Up and Film Thickness in Annular Flow in Horizontal Pipe. Am J Mod Energy. 2021;7(3):36-44. doi: 10.11648/j.ajme.20210703.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajme.20210703.12,
  author = {Osokogwu Uche},
  title = {A Simplified Calibration of Liquid Hold-Up and Film Thickness in Annular Flow in Horizontal Pipe},
  journal = {American Journal of Modern Energy},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {36-44},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajme.20210703.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajme.20210703.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajme.20210703.12},
  abstract = {Annular flow is majorly encountered in petroleum industry, where gas and liquid are conveyed from gas wells or oil wells (dominated by gas) to the surface through the transport lines. A simplified annular flow bench calibration for liquid hold-up and film thickness in horizontal pipe was conducted using water/air in a 2-inch (50mm) Plexiglas pipe test tube with a length of 154mm. The calibration was achieved using five different acryl plastic rods inserts of 49mm, 48mm, 47mm, 46mm and 45mm with a length of 153mm respectively. The 2-inch (50mm) plexiglass test tube was installed with two pairs of conductivity ring sensors for liquid hold-up and the flush-mounted conductance probe sensor for liquid film thickness. The acts of measuring, recording and transmitting the data to a usable state were achieved using a digital data acquistion system (Labview). The conductivity ring sensors C1 and C2 results which were for the liquid hold-up in the calibration gave R-factors of 0.9962 and 0.9947 respectively, while the conductance probe sensor for the liquid film thickness presented an R-factor of 0.9949.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - A Simplified Calibration of Liquid Hold-Up and Film Thickness in Annular Flow in Horizontal Pipe
AU  - Osokogwu Uche
Y1  - 2021/08/23
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajme.20210703.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajme.20210703.12
T2  - American Journal of Modern Energy
JF  - American Journal of Modern Energy
JO  - American Journal of Modern Energy
SP  - 36
EP  - 44
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-3797
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajme.20210703.12
AB  - Annular flow is majorly encountered in petroleum industry, where gas and liquid are conveyed from gas wells or oil wells (dominated by gas) to the surface through the transport lines. A simplified annular flow bench calibration for liquid hold-up and film thickness in horizontal pipe was conducted using water/air in a 2-inch (50mm) Plexiglas pipe test tube with a length of 154mm. The calibration was achieved using five different acryl plastic rods inserts of 49mm, 48mm, 47mm, 46mm and 45mm with a length of 153mm respectively. The 2-inch (50mm) plexiglass test tube was installed with two pairs of conductivity ring sensors for liquid hold-up and the flush-mounted conductance probe sensor for liquid film thickness. The acts of measuring, recording and transmitting the data to a usable state were achieved using a digital data acquistion system (Labview). The conductivity ring sensors C1 and C2 results which were for the liquid hold-up in the calibration gave R-factors of 0.9962 and 0.9947 respectively, while the conductance probe sensor for the liquid film thickness presented an R-factor of 0.9949.
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Osokogwu Uche

School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Osokogwu Uche. (2021). A Simplified Calibration of Liquid Hold-Up and Film Thickness in Annular Flow in Horizontal Pipe. American Journal of Modern Energy, 7(3), 36-44. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajme.20210703.12

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ACS Style

Osokogwu Uche. A Simplified Calibration of Liquid Hold-Up and Film Thickness in Annular Flow in Horizontal Pipe. Am. J. Mod. Energy 2021, 7(3), 36-44. doi: 10.11648/j.ajme.20210703.12

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AMA Style

Osokogwu Uche. A Simplified Calibration of Liquid Hold-Up and Film Thickness in Annular Flow in Horizontal Pipe. Am J Mod Energy. 2021;7(3):36-44. doi: 10.11648/j.ajme.20210703.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajme.20210703.12,
  author = {Osokogwu Uche},
  title = {A Simplified Calibration of Liquid Hold-Up and Film Thickness in Annular Flow in Horizontal Pipe},
  journal = {American Journal of Modern Energy},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {36-44},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajme.20210703.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajme.20210703.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajme.20210703.12},
  abstract = {Annular flow is majorly encountered in petroleum industry, where gas and liquid are conveyed from gas wells or oil wells (dominated by gas) to the surface through the transport lines. A simplified annular flow bench calibration for liquid hold-up and film thickness in horizontal pipe was conducted using water/air in a 2-inch (50mm) Plexiglas pipe test tube with a length of 154mm. The calibration was achieved using five different acryl plastic rods inserts of 49mm, 48mm, 47mm, 46mm and 45mm with a length of 153mm respectively. The 2-inch (50mm) plexiglass test tube was installed with two pairs of conductivity ring sensors for liquid hold-up and the flush-mounted conductance probe sensor for liquid film thickness. The acts of measuring, recording and transmitting the data to a usable state were achieved using a digital data acquistion system (Labview). The conductivity ring sensors C1 and C2 results which were for the liquid hold-up in the calibration gave R-factors of 0.9962 and 0.9947 respectively, while the conductance probe sensor for the liquid film thickness presented an R-factor of 0.9949.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - A Simplified Calibration of Liquid Hold-Up and Film Thickness in Annular Flow in Horizontal Pipe
AU  - Osokogwu Uche
Y1  - 2021/08/23
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajme.20210703.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajme.20210703.12
T2  - American Journal of Modern Energy
JF  - American Journal of Modern Energy
JO  - American Journal of Modern Energy
SP  - 36
EP  - 44
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-3797
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajme.20210703.12
AB  - Annular flow is majorly encountered in petroleum industry, where gas and liquid are conveyed from gas wells or oil wells (dominated by gas) to the surface through the transport lines. A simplified annular flow bench calibration for liquid hold-up and film thickness in horizontal pipe was conducted using water/air in a 2-inch (50mm) Plexiglas pipe test tube with a length of 154mm. The calibration was achieved using five different acryl plastic rods inserts of 49mm, 48mm, 47mm, 46mm and 45mm with a length of 153mm respectively. The 2-inch (50mm) plexiglass test tube was installed with two pairs of conductivity ring sensors for liquid hold-up and the flush-mounted conductance probe sensor for liquid film thickness. The acts of measuring, recording and transmitting the data to a usable state were achieved using a digital data acquistion system (Labview). The conductivity ring sensors C1 and C2 results which were for the liquid hold-up in the calibration gave R-factors of 0.9962 and 0.9947 respectively, while the conductance probe sensor for the liquid film thickness presented an R-factor of 0.9949.
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
ER  -

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