A Human Physiologically-based Bio-kinetic Model for Cadmium

Danjuma Dan-Adam Maza; Stephen Friday Olukotun; Grace Olubunmi Akinlade

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajmcm.20210601.12

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A Human Physiologically-based Bio-kinetic Model for Cadmium

Danjuma Dan-Adam Maza, Stephen Friday Olukotun, Grace Olubunmi Akinlade

Published in American Journal of Mathematical and Computer Modelling (Volume 6, Issue 1)

Received: 14 January 2021 Accepted: 22 January 2021 Published: 9 February 2021

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Abstract

A physiologically-based bio-kinetic (PBBK) model, capable of simulating the absorption, distribution, and elimination of cadmium in humans has been developed. The formulation of this model was based on human data cleaned from literature. The liver, kidney, lung, artery, vein, stomach, small intestine and remainder of the body (other tissues not modelled explicitly) were modelled as compartments. While transfer rate coefficients were used to describe the kinetics of cadmium in the gastrointestinal track, the model used blood flow rates and partition coefficients rather than the traditional transfer rate coefficients to describe the distribution and accumulation of the chemical into critical organs such as liver, kidney and remainder of the body. A perfusion rate-limited kinetics model was assumed for these critical organs, where each of these tissues was regarded as a well-stirred compartment, without any concentration gradient within the compartment. The partition coefficients for critical organs modelled, along with transfer rate coefficients describing oral ingestion and inhalation were estimated by fitting the simulated concentration of cadmium in the liver, kidney and urine to observed concentrations found in literature. The model was capable of simulating, to a good degree of success, the results of empirical observations and other simulations found in literature. Simulations by the model also indicate that the partition coefficient of cadmium for the kidney, liver and other critical organs was higher in smokers.

Published in	American Journal of Mathematical and Computer Modelling (Volume 6, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajmcm.20210601.12
Page(s)	9-13
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Physiologically-based, Bio-kinetic, Model, Cadmium, Simulation

References

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[14]	Perama, Y. M. I., Rashid, N. S. A., Fadzil, S. M., Siong, K. K., 2018. Absorption, distribution and elimination behaviours of cadmium treated by in vitro DIN from WLP residue using SAAM II modeling. Sains Malaysiana 47 (3): 611–8, Doi: 10.17576/jsm-2018-4703-23.
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APA Style

Danjuma Dan-Adam Maza, Stephen Friday Olukotun, Grace Olubunmi Akinlade. (2021). A Human Physiologically-based Bio-kinetic Model for Cadmium. American Journal of Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 6(1), 9-13. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmcm.20210601.12

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ACS Style

Danjuma Dan-Adam Maza; Stephen Friday Olukotun; Grace Olubunmi Akinlade. A Human Physiologically-based Bio-kinetic Model for Cadmium. Am. J. Math. Comput. Model. 2021, 6(1), 9-13. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmcm.20210601.12

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AMA Style

Danjuma Dan-Adam Maza, Stephen Friday Olukotun, Grace Olubunmi Akinlade. A Human Physiologically-based Bio-kinetic Model for Cadmium. Am J Math Comput Model. 2021;6(1):9-13. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmcm.20210601.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajmcm.20210601.12,
  author = {Danjuma Dan-Adam Maza and Stephen Friday Olukotun and Grace Olubunmi Akinlade},
  title = {A Human Physiologically-based Bio-kinetic Model for Cadmium},
  journal = {American Journal of Mathematical and Computer Modelling},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {9-13},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajmcm.20210601.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmcm.20210601.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmcm.20210601.12},
  abstract = {A physiologically-based bio-kinetic (PBBK) model, capable of simulating the absorption, distribution, and elimination of cadmium in humans has been developed. The formulation of this model was based on human data cleaned from literature. The liver, kidney, lung, artery, vein, stomach, small intestine and remainder of the body (other tissues not modelled explicitly) were modelled as compartments. While transfer rate coefficients were used to describe the kinetics of cadmium in the gastrointestinal track, the model used blood flow rates and partition coefficients rather than the traditional transfer rate coefficients to describe the distribution and accumulation of the chemical into critical organs such as liver, kidney and remainder of the body. A perfusion rate-limited kinetics model was assumed for these critical organs, where each of these tissues was regarded as a well-stirred compartment, without any concentration gradient within the compartment. The partition coefficients for critical organs modelled, along with transfer rate coefficients describing oral ingestion and inhalation were estimated by fitting the simulated concentration of cadmium in the liver, kidney and urine to observed concentrations found in literature. The model was capable of simulating, to a good degree of success, the results of empirical observations and other simulations found in literature. Simulations by the model also indicate that the partition coefficient of cadmium for the kidney, liver and other critical organs was higher in smokers.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - A Human Physiologically-based Bio-kinetic Model for Cadmium
AU  - Danjuma Dan-Adam Maza
AU  - Stephen Friday Olukotun
AU  - Grace Olubunmi Akinlade
Y1  - 2021/02/09
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmcm.20210601.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmcm.20210601.12
T2  - American Journal of Mathematical and Computer Modelling
JF  - American Journal of Mathematical and Computer Modelling
JO  - American Journal of Mathematical and Computer Modelling
SP  - 9
EP  - 13
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-8280
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmcm.20210601.12
AB  - A physiologically-based bio-kinetic (PBBK) model, capable of simulating the absorption, distribution, and elimination of cadmium in humans has been developed. The formulation of this model was based on human data cleaned from literature. The liver, kidney, lung, artery, vein, stomach, small intestine and remainder of the body (other tissues not modelled explicitly) were modelled as compartments. While transfer rate coefficients were used to describe the kinetics of cadmium in the gastrointestinal track, the model used blood flow rates and partition coefficients rather than the traditional transfer rate coefficients to describe the distribution and accumulation of the chemical into critical organs such as liver, kidney and remainder of the body. A perfusion rate-limited kinetics model was assumed for these critical organs, where each of these tissues was regarded as a well-stirred compartment, without any concentration gradient within the compartment. The partition coefficients for critical organs modelled, along with transfer rate coefficients describing oral ingestion and inhalation were estimated by fitting the simulated concentration of cadmium in the liver, kidney and urine to observed concentrations found in literature. The model was capable of simulating, to a good degree of success, the results of empirical observations and other simulations found in literature. Simulations by the model also indicate that the partition coefficient of cadmium for the kidney, liver and other critical organs was higher in smokers.
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Danjuma Dan-Adam Maza

Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Stephen Friday Olukotun

Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Grace Olubunmi Akinlade

Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

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APA Style

Danjuma Dan-Adam Maza, Stephen Friday Olukotun, Grace Olubunmi Akinlade. (2021). A Human Physiologically-based Bio-kinetic Model for Cadmium. American Journal of Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 6(1), 9-13. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmcm.20210601.12

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ACS Style

Danjuma Dan-Adam Maza; Stephen Friday Olukotun; Grace Olubunmi Akinlade. A Human Physiologically-based Bio-kinetic Model for Cadmium. Am. J. Math. Comput. Model. 2021, 6(1), 9-13. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmcm.20210601.12

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AMA Style

Danjuma Dan-Adam Maza, Stephen Friday Olukotun, Grace Olubunmi Akinlade. A Human Physiologically-based Bio-kinetic Model for Cadmium. Am J Math Comput Model. 2021;6(1):9-13. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmcm.20210601.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajmcm.20210601.12,
  author = {Danjuma Dan-Adam Maza and Stephen Friday Olukotun and Grace Olubunmi Akinlade},
  title = {A Human Physiologically-based Bio-kinetic Model for Cadmium},
  journal = {American Journal of Mathematical and Computer Modelling},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {9-13},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajmcm.20210601.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmcm.20210601.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmcm.20210601.12},
  abstract = {A physiologically-based bio-kinetic (PBBK) model, capable of simulating the absorption, distribution, and elimination of cadmium in humans has been developed. The formulation of this model was based on human data cleaned from literature. The liver, kidney, lung, artery, vein, stomach, small intestine and remainder of the body (other tissues not modelled explicitly) were modelled as compartments. While transfer rate coefficients were used to describe the kinetics of cadmium in the gastrointestinal track, the model used blood flow rates and partition coefficients rather than the traditional transfer rate coefficients to describe the distribution and accumulation of the chemical into critical organs such as liver, kidney and remainder of the body. A perfusion rate-limited kinetics model was assumed for these critical organs, where each of these tissues was regarded as a well-stirred compartment, without any concentration gradient within the compartment. The partition coefficients for critical organs modelled, along with transfer rate coefficients describing oral ingestion and inhalation were estimated by fitting the simulated concentration of cadmium in the liver, kidney and urine to observed concentrations found in literature. The model was capable of simulating, to a good degree of success, the results of empirical observations and other simulations found in literature. Simulations by the model also indicate that the partition coefficient of cadmium for the kidney, liver and other critical organs was higher in smokers.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - A Human Physiologically-based Bio-kinetic Model for Cadmium
AU  - Danjuma Dan-Adam Maza
AU  - Stephen Friday Olukotun
AU  - Grace Olubunmi Akinlade
Y1  - 2021/02/09
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmcm.20210601.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmcm.20210601.12
T2  - American Journal of Mathematical and Computer Modelling
JF  - American Journal of Mathematical and Computer Modelling
JO  - American Journal of Mathematical and Computer Modelling
SP  - 9
EP  - 13
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-8280
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmcm.20210601.12
AB  - A physiologically-based bio-kinetic (PBBK) model, capable of simulating the absorption, distribution, and elimination of cadmium in humans has been developed. The formulation of this model was based on human data cleaned from literature. The liver, kidney, lung, artery, vein, stomach, small intestine and remainder of the body (other tissues not modelled explicitly) were modelled as compartments. While transfer rate coefficients were used to describe the kinetics of cadmium in the gastrointestinal track, the model used blood flow rates and partition coefficients rather than the traditional transfer rate coefficients to describe the distribution and accumulation of the chemical into critical organs such as liver, kidney and remainder of the body. A perfusion rate-limited kinetics model was assumed for these critical organs, where each of these tissues was regarded as a well-stirred compartment, without any concentration gradient within the compartment. The partition coefficients for critical organs modelled, along with transfer rate coefficients describing oral ingestion and inhalation were estimated by fitting the simulated concentration of cadmium in the liver, kidney and urine to observed concentrations found in literature. The model was capable of simulating, to a good degree of success, the results of empirical observations and other simulations found in literature. Simulations by the model also indicate that the partition coefficient of cadmium for the kidney, liver and other critical organs was higher in smokers.
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

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