Opportunistic Intestinal Protozoan Infections and Immunological Status of HIV/AIDS Patients in Jalingo Local Government, Taraba State

Elkanah Obadiah Sambo; Onyeuku Okechukwu Chinwe; Obiorah Sylvester Chibuzor; Elkanah Deborah Sambo; Egeonu Stephen Ugoeze

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajlm.20200505.12

Opportunistic Intestinal Protozoan Infections and Immunological Status of HIV/AIDS Patients in Jalingo Local Government, Taraba State

Elkanah Obadiah Sambo, Onyeuku Okechukwu Chinwe, Obiorah Sylvester Chibuzor, Elkanah Deborah Sambo, Egeonu Stephen Ugoeze

Published in American Journal of Laboratory Medicine (Volume 5, Issue 5)

Received: 18 July 2020 Accepted: 19 August 2020 Published: 21 September 2020

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Abstract

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the immune system. Opportunistic intestinal protozoans are among the major contributors to the global intestinal parasite load. This study investigated the danger and complication due to intestinal protozoans’ infection among HIV/AIDS patients in Jalingo metropolis. The study also compared the prevalence of opportunistic intestinal protozoa infection and CD⁴⁺ T-Cell count between HIV/AIDS and non HIV patients. The procedure of wet mount technique and faecal concentration methods were employed. The CD⁴⁺ count of patients were determined using the Partee Cyflow Counter, which determines the percentage of CD⁴⁺ cells of individuals. The prevalence of opportunic intestinal protozoan parasites was higher among female positives, 68 (l9.60%) than the male, 50 (16.50%) with no significant difference (p>0.05). The infection based on age groups revealed that the age group 10-15 years had the highest prevalence of 27 (48.21%) while the age group 41-45 years had the least prevalence of 2 (2.63%). The prevalence of intestinal parasites was highly significant among the study participants with CD⁴⁺ count <200 cells/μl. Cryptosporidium spp was significantly associated with HIV positive subjects who had CD⁴⁺ count of less than 200 cell/μl. The prevalence of intestinal parasites was highly significant among the study participants with CD⁴⁺ count <200 cells/ul. The implications of these findings are discussed and solution proposed to curb opportunistic infections among HIV/AIDS patients.

Published in	American Journal of Laboratory Medicine (Volume 5, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajlm.20200505.12
Page(s)	139-143
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Immunological, Opportunistic, Protozoans, HIV/AIDS, Taraba

References

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[7]	Obateru, O. A., Bojuwoye, B. J., Olokoba, A. B., Fadeyi, A. F., Olokoba, L. B. Prevalence of intestinal parasites in newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients in Ilorin, Nigeria. Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 2017; 53 (2): 111-116
[8]	Bokore A, Korme B, Bayisa G. Determinants of anti-retroviral regimen changes among HIV/AIDS patients of east and west Wollega zone health institutions, Oromia region, west Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 19 (1): 28.
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[12]	Barcelos Natane Barbosa, Silva Lorena de Freitas e, Dias Regyane Ferreira Guimarães, Menezes Filho Hélio Ranes de, Rodrigues Rosângela Maria. Opportunistic and non-opportunistic intestinal parasites in HIV/ AIDS patients in relation to their clinical and epidemiological status in a specialized medical service in Goiás, Brazil. Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2020 Aug 18]; 60: e13. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0036-46652018005000206&lng=en. Epub Mar 08, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946201860013.
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Elkanah Obadiah Sambo, Onyeuku Okechukwu Chinwe, Obiorah Sylvester Chibuzor, Elkanah Deborah Sambo, Egeonu Stephen Ugoeze. (2020). Opportunistic Intestinal Protozoan Infections and Immunological Status of HIV/AIDS Patients in Jalingo Local Government, Taraba State. American Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 5(5), 139-143. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20200505.12

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Elkanah Obadiah Sambo; Onyeuku Okechukwu Chinwe; Obiorah Sylvester Chibuzor; Elkanah Deborah Sambo; Egeonu Stephen Ugoeze. Opportunistic Intestinal Protozoan Infections and Immunological Status of HIV/AIDS Patients in Jalingo Local Government, Taraba State. Am. J. Lab. Med. 2020, 5(5), 139-143. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20200505.12

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AMA Style

Elkanah Obadiah Sambo, Onyeuku Okechukwu Chinwe, Obiorah Sylvester Chibuzor, Elkanah Deborah Sambo, Egeonu Stephen Ugoeze. Opportunistic Intestinal Protozoan Infections and Immunological Status of HIV/AIDS Patients in Jalingo Local Government, Taraba State. Am J Lab Med. 2020;5(5):139-143. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20200505.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajlm.20200505.12,
  author = {Elkanah Obadiah Sambo and Onyeuku Okechukwu Chinwe and Obiorah Sylvester Chibuzor and Elkanah Deborah Sambo and Egeonu Stephen Ugoeze},
  title = {Opportunistic Intestinal Protozoan Infections and Immunological Status of HIV/AIDS Patients in Jalingo Local Government, Taraba State},
  journal = {American Journal of Laboratory Medicine},
  volume = {5},
  number = {5},
  pages = {139-143},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajlm.20200505.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20200505.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajlm.20200505.12},
  abstract = {The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the immune system. Opportunistic intestinal protozoans are among the major contributors to the global intestinal parasite load. This study investigated the danger and complication due to intestinal protozoans’ infection among HIV/AIDS patients in Jalingo metropolis. The study also compared the prevalence of opportunistic intestinal protozoa infection and CD4+ T-Cell count between HIV/AIDS and non HIV patients. The procedure of wet mount technique and faecal concentration methods were employed. The CD4+ count of patients were determined using the Partee Cyflow Counter, which determines the percentage of CD4+ cells of individuals. The prevalence of opportunic intestinal protozoan parasites was higher among female positives, 68 (l9.60%) than the male, 50 (16.50%) with no significant difference (p>0.05). The infection based on age groups revealed that the age group 10-15 years had the highest prevalence of 27 (48.21%) while the age group 41-45 years had the least prevalence of 2 (2.63%). The prevalence of intestinal parasites was highly significant among the study participants with CD4+ count Cryptosporidium spp was significantly associated with HIV positive subjects who had CD4+ count of less than 200 cell/μl. The prevalence of intestinal parasites was highly significant among the study participants with CD4+ count <200 cells/ul. The implications of these findings are discussed and solution proposed to curb opportunistic infections among HIV/AIDS patients.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Opportunistic Intestinal Protozoan Infections and Immunological Status of HIV/AIDS Patients in Jalingo Local Government, Taraba State
AU  - Elkanah Obadiah Sambo
AU  - Onyeuku Okechukwu Chinwe
AU  - Obiorah Sylvester Chibuzor
AU  - Elkanah Deborah Sambo
AU  - Egeonu Stephen Ugoeze
Y1  - 2020/09/21
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20200505.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajlm.20200505.12
T2  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
SP  - 139
EP  - 143
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-386X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20200505.12
AB  - The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the immune system. Opportunistic intestinal protozoans are among the major contributors to the global intestinal parasite load. This study investigated the danger and complication due to intestinal protozoans’ infection among HIV/AIDS patients in Jalingo metropolis. The study also compared the prevalence of opportunistic intestinal protozoa infection and CD4+ T-Cell count between HIV/AIDS and non HIV patients. The procedure of wet mount technique and faecal concentration methods were employed. The CD4+ count of patients were determined using the Partee Cyflow Counter, which determines the percentage of CD4+ cells of individuals. The prevalence of opportunic intestinal protozoan parasites was higher among female positives, 68 (l9.60%) than the male, 50 (16.50%) with no significant difference (p>0.05). The infection based on age groups revealed that the age group 10-15 years had the highest prevalence of 27 (48.21%) while the age group 41-45 years had the least prevalence of 2 (2.63%). The prevalence of intestinal parasites was highly significant among the study participants with CD4+ count Cryptosporidium spp was significantly associated with HIV positive subjects who had CD4+ count of less than 200 cell/μl. The prevalence of intestinal parasites was highly significant among the study participants with CD4+ count <200 cells/ul. The implications of these findings are discussed and solution proposed to curb opportunistic infections among HIV/AIDS patients.
VL  - 5
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Elkanah Obadiah Sambo

Department of Biological Sciences, Taraba State University, Jalingo, Nigeria
Onyeuku Okechukwu Chinwe

Department of Laboratory Services, Taraba State Specialist Hospital, Jalingo, Nigeria
Obiorah Sylvester Chibuzor

Department of Laboratory Services, Federal Medical Centre, Jalingo, Nigeria
Elkanah Deborah Sambo

Department of Biological Sciences, Taraba State University, Jalingo, Nigeria
Egeonu Stephen Ugoeze

Department of Laboratory Services, Federal Medical Centre, Jalingo, Nigeria

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APA Style

Elkanah Obadiah Sambo, Onyeuku Okechukwu Chinwe, Obiorah Sylvester Chibuzor, Elkanah Deborah Sambo, Egeonu Stephen Ugoeze. (2020). Opportunistic Intestinal Protozoan Infections and Immunological Status of HIV/AIDS Patients in Jalingo Local Government, Taraba State. American Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 5(5), 139-143. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20200505.12

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ACS Style

Elkanah Obadiah Sambo; Onyeuku Okechukwu Chinwe; Obiorah Sylvester Chibuzor; Elkanah Deborah Sambo; Egeonu Stephen Ugoeze. Opportunistic Intestinal Protozoan Infections and Immunological Status of HIV/AIDS Patients in Jalingo Local Government, Taraba State. Am. J. Lab. Med. 2020, 5(5), 139-143. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20200505.12

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AMA Style

Elkanah Obadiah Sambo, Onyeuku Okechukwu Chinwe, Obiorah Sylvester Chibuzor, Elkanah Deborah Sambo, Egeonu Stephen Ugoeze. Opportunistic Intestinal Protozoan Infections and Immunological Status of HIV/AIDS Patients in Jalingo Local Government, Taraba State. Am J Lab Med. 2020;5(5):139-143. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20200505.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajlm.20200505.12,
  author = {Elkanah Obadiah Sambo and Onyeuku Okechukwu Chinwe and Obiorah Sylvester Chibuzor and Elkanah Deborah Sambo and Egeonu Stephen Ugoeze},
  title = {Opportunistic Intestinal Protozoan Infections and Immunological Status of HIV/AIDS Patients in Jalingo Local Government, Taraba State},
  journal = {American Journal of Laboratory Medicine},
  volume = {5},
  number = {5},
  pages = {139-143},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajlm.20200505.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20200505.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajlm.20200505.12},
  abstract = {The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the immune system. Opportunistic intestinal protozoans are among the major contributors to the global intestinal parasite load. This study investigated the danger and complication due to intestinal protozoans’ infection among HIV/AIDS patients in Jalingo metropolis. The study also compared the prevalence of opportunistic intestinal protozoa infection and CD4+ T-Cell count between HIV/AIDS and non HIV patients. The procedure of wet mount technique and faecal concentration methods were employed. The CD4+ count of patients were determined using the Partee Cyflow Counter, which determines the percentage of CD4+ cells of individuals. The prevalence of opportunic intestinal protozoan parasites was higher among female positives, 68 (l9.60%) than the male, 50 (16.50%) with no significant difference (p>0.05). The infection based on age groups revealed that the age group 10-15 years had the highest prevalence of 27 (48.21%) while the age group 41-45 years had the least prevalence of 2 (2.63%). The prevalence of intestinal parasites was highly significant among the study participants with CD4+ count Cryptosporidium spp was significantly associated with HIV positive subjects who had CD4+ count of less than 200 cell/μl. The prevalence of intestinal parasites was highly significant among the study participants with CD4+ count <200 cells/ul. The implications of these findings are discussed and solution proposed to curb opportunistic infections among HIV/AIDS patients.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Opportunistic Intestinal Protozoan Infections and Immunological Status of HIV/AIDS Patients in Jalingo Local Government, Taraba State
AU  - Elkanah Obadiah Sambo
AU  - Onyeuku Okechukwu Chinwe
AU  - Obiorah Sylvester Chibuzor
AU  - Elkanah Deborah Sambo
AU  - Egeonu Stephen Ugoeze
Y1  - 2020/09/21
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20200505.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajlm.20200505.12
T2  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
SP  - 139
EP  - 143
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-386X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20200505.12
AB  - The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the immune system. Opportunistic intestinal protozoans are among the major contributors to the global intestinal parasite load. This study investigated the danger and complication due to intestinal protozoans’ infection among HIV/AIDS patients in Jalingo metropolis. The study also compared the prevalence of opportunistic intestinal protozoa infection and CD4+ T-Cell count between HIV/AIDS and non HIV patients. The procedure of wet mount technique and faecal concentration methods were employed. The CD4+ count of patients were determined using the Partee Cyflow Counter, which determines the percentage of CD4+ cells of individuals. The prevalence of opportunic intestinal protozoan parasites was higher among female positives, 68 (l9.60%) than the male, 50 (16.50%) with no significant difference (p>0.05). The infection based on age groups revealed that the age group 10-15 years had the highest prevalence of 27 (48.21%) while the age group 41-45 years had the least prevalence of 2 (2.63%). The prevalence of intestinal parasites was highly significant among the study participants with CD4+ count Cryptosporidium spp was significantly associated with HIV positive subjects who had CD4+ count of less than 200 cell/μl. The prevalence of intestinal parasites was highly significant among the study participants with CD4+ count <200 cells/ul. The implications of these findings are discussed and solution proposed to curb opportunistic infections among HIV/AIDS patients.
VL  - 5
IS  - 5
ER  -

Copy | Download