In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Stem Bark Extract of <i>Azadirachta indica</i> A. (JUSS) Against Antibiotic Resistant <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Typhi

Bobai Mathew; Yabaya Amos; Orukotan Ayodeji Abimbola; Joshua Istifanus Anekoson; Amos Alvan

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajlm.20170206.18

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In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Stem Bark Extract of Azadirachta indica A. (JUSS) Against Antibiotic Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi

Bobai Mathew, Yabaya Amos, Orukotan Ayodeji Abimbola, Joshua Istifanus Anekoson, Amos Alvan

Published in American Journal of Laboratory Medicine (Volume 2, Issue 6)

Received: 28 March 2017 Accepted: 17 April 2017 Published: 28 November 2017

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Abstract

Typhoid fever treatment failure due to emergence of antibiotics resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi has become a matter of concern to public health sector. This study was aimed at investigating the in vitro antimicrobial activity of stem bark extracts of Azadirachta indica A. (JUSS) against antibiotic resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates from stool samples of patients manifesting clinical features of typhoid fever. Fortyseven (47) isolates were identified as Salmonella sp. using conventional biochemical test, Microbact^TM 12A/12E Gram-negative kits, and confirmed molecularly using ompC primers. Twelve (12) isolates out of the 47 were Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi identified serologically and confirmed molecularly using STY4220 primers. Antibiotics resistance profile of the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates showed that 12 (100%) were resistance to amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 9 (75%) resistance to tetracycline, cotrimoxazole and cefotaxime, 6 (50%) resistance to ceftriaxone, 3 (25%) resistance to nitrofurantoin, 2 (17%) resistance to chloramphenicol, 1 (8%) resistance to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin; while 12 (100%) were sensitive to nalidixic acid and imipenem. Qualitative phytochemical and spectroscopic analysis of Azadirachta indica stem bark extracts revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, phenolic and other organic compounds. At concentrations of 25-400 mg/ml, potency test of acetone and ethanolic bark extracts of the plant against the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates produced diameter zones of growth inhibition ranges from 18-35 mm and 15-31 mm respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations values of the extracts against the isolates also ranged from 50-100 mg/ml. It may be concluded from this results that the bark extracts of Azadirachta indica A. (JUSS) have good growth inhibitory effects against the antibiotics resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and can be developed further for chemotherapeutic application.

Published in	American Journal of Laboratory Medicine (Volume 2, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajlm.20170206.18
Page(s)	163-171
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

In vitro, Antibiotic Resistant, Azadirachta indica, Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi

References

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APA Style

Bobai Mathew, Yabaya Amos, Orukotan Ayodeji Abimbola, Joshua Istifanus Anekoson, Amos Alvan. (2017). In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Stem Bark Extract of Azadirachta indica A. (JUSS) Against Antibiotic Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi. American Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 2(6), 163-171. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170206.18

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ACS Style

Bobai Mathew; Yabaya Amos; Orukotan Ayodeji Abimbola; Joshua Istifanus Anekoson; Amos Alvan. In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Stem Bark Extract of Azadirachta indica A. (JUSS) Against Antibiotic Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi. Am. J. Lab. Med. 2017, 2(6), 163-171. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20170206.18

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AMA Style

Bobai Mathew, Yabaya Amos, Orukotan Ayodeji Abimbola, Joshua Istifanus Anekoson, Amos Alvan. In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Stem Bark Extract of Azadirachta indica A. (JUSS) Against Antibiotic Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi. Am J Lab Med. 2017;2(6):163-171. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20170206.18

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@article{10.11648/j.ajlm.20170206.18,
  author = {Bobai Mathew and Yabaya Amos and Orukotan Ayodeji Abimbola and Joshua Istifanus Anekoson and Amos Alvan},
  title = {In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Stem Bark Extract of Azadirachta indica A. (JUSS) Against Antibiotic Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi},
  journal = {American Journal of Laboratory Medicine},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6},
  pages = {163-171},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajlm.20170206.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170206.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajlm.20170206.18},
  abstract = {Typhoid fever treatment failure due to emergence of antibiotics resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi has become a matter of concern to public health sector. This study was aimed at investigating the in vitro antimicrobial activity of stem bark extracts of Azadirachta indica A. (JUSS) against antibiotic resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates from stool samples of patients manifesting clinical features of typhoid fever. Fortyseven (47) isolates were identified as Salmonella sp. using conventional biochemical test, MicrobactTM 12A/12E Gram-negative kits, and confirmed molecularly using ompC primers. Twelve (12) isolates out of the 47 were Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi identified serologically and confirmed molecularly using STY4220 primers. Antibiotics resistance profile of the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates showed that 12 (100%) were resistance to amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 9 (75%) resistance to tetracycline, cotrimoxazole and cefotaxime, 6 (50%) resistance to ceftriaxone, 3 (25%) resistance to nitrofurantoin, 2 (17%) resistance to chloramphenicol, 1 (8%) resistance to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin; while 12 (100%) were sensitive to nalidixic acid and imipenem. Qualitative phytochemical and spectroscopic analysis of Azadirachta indica stem bark extracts revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, phenolic and other organic compounds. At concentrations of 25-400 mg/ml, potency test of acetone and ethanolic bark extracts of the plant against the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates produced diameter zones of growth inhibition ranges from 18-35 mm and 15-31 mm respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations values of the extracts against the isolates also ranged from 50-100 mg/ml. It may be concluded from this results that the bark extracts of Azadirachta indica A. (JUSS) have good growth inhibitory effects against the antibiotics resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and can be developed further for chemotherapeutic application.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Stem Bark Extract of Azadirachta indica A. (JUSS) Against Antibiotic Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi
AU  - Bobai Mathew
AU  - Yabaya Amos
AU  - Orukotan Ayodeji Abimbola
AU  - Joshua Istifanus Anekoson
AU  - Amos Alvan
Y1  - 2017/11/28
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170206.18
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajlm.20170206.18
T2  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
SP  - 163
EP  - 171
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-386X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170206.18
AB  - Typhoid fever treatment failure due to emergence of antibiotics resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi has become a matter of concern to public health sector. This study was aimed at investigating the in vitro antimicrobial activity of stem bark extracts of Azadirachta indica A. (JUSS) against antibiotic resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates from stool samples of patients manifesting clinical features of typhoid fever. Fortyseven (47) isolates were identified as Salmonella sp. using conventional biochemical test, MicrobactTM 12A/12E Gram-negative kits, and confirmed molecularly using ompC primers. Twelve (12) isolates out of the 47 were Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi identified serologically and confirmed molecularly using STY4220 primers. Antibiotics resistance profile of the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates showed that 12 (100%) were resistance to amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 9 (75%) resistance to tetracycline, cotrimoxazole and cefotaxime, 6 (50%) resistance to ceftriaxone, 3 (25%) resistance to nitrofurantoin, 2 (17%) resistance to chloramphenicol, 1 (8%) resistance to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin; while 12 (100%) were sensitive to nalidixic acid and imipenem. Qualitative phytochemical and spectroscopic analysis of Azadirachta indica stem bark extracts revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, phenolic and other organic compounds. At concentrations of 25-400 mg/ml, potency test of acetone and ethanolic bark extracts of the plant against the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates produced diameter zones of growth inhibition ranges from 18-35 mm and 15-31 mm respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations values of the extracts against the isolates also ranged from 50-100 mg/ml. It may be concluded from this results that the bark extracts of Azadirachta indica A. (JUSS) have good growth inhibitory effects against the antibiotics resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and can be developed further for chemotherapeutic application.
VL  - 2
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Bobai Mathew

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
Yabaya Amos

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
Orukotan Ayodeji Abimbola

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
Joshua Istifanus Anekoson

Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
Amos Alvan

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria

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APA Style

Bobai Mathew, Yabaya Amos, Orukotan Ayodeji Abimbola, Joshua Istifanus Anekoson, Amos Alvan. (2017). In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Stem Bark Extract of Azadirachta indica A. (JUSS) Against Antibiotic Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi. American Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 2(6), 163-171. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170206.18

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ACS Style

Bobai Mathew; Yabaya Amos; Orukotan Ayodeji Abimbola; Joshua Istifanus Anekoson; Amos Alvan. In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Stem Bark Extract of Azadirachta indica A. (JUSS) Against Antibiotic Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi. Am. J. Lab. Med. 2017, 2(6), 163-171. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20170206.18

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AMA Style

Bobai Mathew, Yabaya Amos, Orukotan Ayodeji Abimbola, Joshua Istifanus Anekoson, Amos Alvan. In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Stem Bark Extract of Azadirachta indica A. (JUSS) Against Antibiotic Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi. Am J Lab Med. 2017;2(6):163-171. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20170206.18

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajlm.20170206.18,
  author = {Bobai Mathew and Yabaya Amos and Orukotan Ayodeji Abimbola and Joshua Istifanus Anekoson and Amos Alvan},
  title = {In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Stem Bark Extract of Azadirachta indica A. (JUSS) Against Antibiotic Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi},
  journal = {American Journal of Laboratory Medicine},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6},
  pages = {163-171},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajlm.20170206.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170206.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajlm.20170206.18},
  abstract = {Typhoid fever treatment failure due to emergence of antibiotics resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi has become a matter of concern to public health sector. This study was aimed at investigating the in vitro antimicrobial activity of stem bark extracts of Azadirachta indica A. (JUSS) against antibiotic resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates from stool samples of patients manifesting clinical features of typhoid fever. Fortyseven (47) isolates were identified as Salmonella sp. using conventional biochemical test, MicrobactTM 12A/12E Gram-negative kits, and confirmed molecularly using ompC primers. Twelve (12) isolates out of the 47 were Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi identified serologically and confirmed molecularly using STY4220 primers. Antibiotics resistance profile of the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates showed that 12 (100%) were resistance to amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 9 (75%) resistance to tetracycline, cotrimoxazole and cefotaxime, 6 (50%) resistance to ceftriaxone, 3 (25%) resistance to nitrofurantoin, 2 (17%) resistance to chloramphenicol, 1 (8%) resistance to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin; while 12 (100%) were sensitive to nalidixic acid and imipenem. Qualitative phytochemical and spectroscopic analysis of Azadirachta indica stem bark extracts revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, phenolic and other organic compounds. At concentrations of 25-400 mg/ml, potency test of acetone and ethanolic bark extracts of the plant against the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates produced diameter zones of growth inhibition ranges from 18-35 mm and 15-31 mm respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations values of the extracts against the isolates also ranged from 50-100 mg/ml. It may be concluded from this results that the bark extracts of Azadirachta indica A. (JUSS) have good growth inhibitory effects against the antibiotics resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and can be developed further for chemotherapeutic application.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Stem Bark Extract of Azadirachta indica A. (JUSS) Against Antibiotic Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi
AU  - Bobai Mathew
AU  - Yabaya Amos
AU  - Orukotan Ayodeji Abimbola
AU  - Joshua Istifanus Anekoson
AU  - Amos Alvan
Y1  - 2017/11/28
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170206.18
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajlm.20170206.18
T2  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
SP  - 163
EP  - 171
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-386X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170206.18
AB  - Typhoid fever treatment failure due to emergence of antibiotics resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi has become a matter of concern to public health sector. This study was aimed at investigating the in vitro antimicrobial activity of stem bark extracts of Azadirachta indica A. (JUSS) against antibiotic resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates from stool samples of patients manifesting clinical features of typhoid fever. Fortyseven (47) isolates were identified as Salmonella sp. using conventional biochemical test, MicrobactTM 12A/12E Gram-negative kits, and confirmed molecularly using ompC primers. Twelve (12) isolates out of the 47 were Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi identified serologically and confirmed molecularly using STY4220 primers. Antibiotics resistance profile of the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates showed that 12 (100%) were resistance to amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 9 (75%) resistance to tetracycline, cotrimoxazole and cefotaxime, 6 (50%) resistance to ceftriaxone, 3 (25%) resistance to nitrofurantoin, 2 (17%) resistance to chloramphenicol, 1 (8%) resistance to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin; while 12 (100%) were sensitive to nalidixic acid and imipenem. Qualitative phytochemical and spectroscopic analysis of Azadirachta indica stem bark extracts revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, phenolic and other organic compounds. At concentrations of 25-400 mg/ml, potency test of acetone and ethanolic bark extracts of the plant against the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates produced diameter zones of growth inhibition ranges from 18-35 mm and 15-31 mm respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations values of the extracts against the isolates also ranged from 50-100 mg/ml. It may be concluded from this results that the bark extracts of Azadirachta indica A. (JUSS) have good growth inhibitory effects against the antibiotics resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and can be developed further for chemotherapeutic application.
VL  - 2
IS  - 6
ER  -

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