Assessment of Glycosuria and Bacterial Infections Amongst Prolonged – Healing Orthopaedic Wound Patients in Hospitals Within Imo State South Eastern Nigeria

Ifeanyi Odidika Clifford Obiajuru; Chidinma Adanna Ikpeama; Immaculata Ogochukwu Uduchi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajlm.20170203.12

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Assessment of Glycosuria and Bacterial Infections Amongst Prolonged – Healing Orthopaedic Wound Patients in Hospitals Within Imo State South Eastern Nigeria

Ifeanyi Odidika Clifford Obiajuru, Chidinma Adanna Ikpeama, Immaculata Ogochukwu Uduchi

Published in American Journal of Laboratory Medicine (Volume 2, Issue 3)

Received: 18 July 2017 Accepted: 28 July 2017 Published: 18 August 2017

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Abstract

Glycosuria and bacterial infections of patients with prolonged orthopaedic wounds and the antibiotics susceptibility of the bacteria associates was studied between October 2016 and May 2017. A total of 130 male and female respondents aged 18 to 50 years were selected for this study from out – patients and in – patients at Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu, Federal Medical Centre Owerri and 4 major private hospitals in Orlu and Owerri. One hundred and twenty four (82.7%) respondents completed and returned their questionnaires and wound swab was collected from 101 (67.3%) respondents. Thirteen (12.9%) respondents had concomitant infections of 2 bacterial species each and 88 (87.1%) had single bacterial infection each. Five species of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli were isolated from the patients. A total of 114 bacterial isolates were obtained. The most prevalent isolate (32.7%) was Pseudomonas aeroginosa and the least prevalent bacteria (12.8%) was Streptococcus species. Out of 124 respondents that completed and returned their questionnaires, 66 (53.2%) had wounds caused by vehicle road accident, 40 (32.3%) had wounds caused by assault / domestic violence and 16 (12.9%) had wounds caused by burn. The antibiotic susceptibility of the test isolates showed that ciprofloxacin (ciproxin) exhibited the highest growth inhibitory effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli. Nitrofurantoin did not exhibit any growth inhibitory effect on the test isolates except one strain of Escherichia coli. Ampiclox and Augmentin did not exhibit any growth inhibitory effect on Streptococcus species. Augmentin exhibited the lowest growth inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa while Nitrofurantoin exhibited the lowest on Escherichia coli. Urine analysis of the patients showed that 54 (53.5%) out of 101 patients examined had glucose in their urine. Comparative analysis of the data showed that prevalence of long – healing orthopaedic wounds was higher amongst patients with glucose in their urine than those without glucose in their urine. This study has shown that microbial infections which complicate and contribute immensely to long time taken for orthopaedic wounds to heal are treatable with conventional antibiotics available in Nigerian markets and used in Nigerian hospitals.

Published in	American Journal of Laboratory Medicine (Volume 2, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajlm.20170203.12
Page(s)	34-40
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Prolonged – Healing, Wounds, Out – Patients, In - Patients, Imo State Nigeria

References

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[4]	Guo, S. and DiPietro, L. A. (2010): Factors Affecting Wound Healing. Journal of Dental Research. 89 (3): 210 – 229.
[5]	Han, B. R., Oh YS, Ahn, K. H., Kim H. Y., Hong S. C., Oh M. J., Kim H. J., Kim Y. T., Lee K. W., Kim S. H., B. R., Han (2010):. "Clinical Implication of 2nd Trimester Glycosuria." Korean Journal of Perinatol. 21 (3): 258–265.
[6]	Rose, Burton; Rennke, Helmut (1994). Renal pathophysiology - the essentials (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 194. ISBN 0-683-07354-0.
[7]	Obiajuru I. O, C. and Ozumba, U. C. (2017): Laboratory Methods for Medical Microbiology & Parasitology. Revised Edition. Lifeway Amalgamations. Owerri. ISBN: 25799107. p. 168.
[8]	Chesbrough, M. (2002): Medical Laboratory Manual for Tropical countries vol II: Microbiology. Tropical health Technology/Butterworths and Co Ltd. Cambridge/Sevanaks.
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[15]	Bjarnsholt T, Kirketerp-Moller K, Jensen P, Kit M, Krogfelt K, Phipps R, et al. (2008). Why chronic wounds won’t heal: a novel hypothesis. Wound Repair Regen 1: 2-10.
[16]	Edwards R, Harding KG. (2004). Bacteria and wound healing. Curr Opin Infect Dis 17: 91-96.
[17]	Davis SC, Ricotti C, Cazzaniga A, Welsh E, Eaglstein WH, Mertz PM. (2008). Microscopic and physiologic evidence for biofilm-associated wound colonization in vivo. Wound Repair Regen 16: 23-29.
[18]	Swift ME, Burns AL, Gray KL, DiPietro LA. (2001). Age-related alterations in the inflammatory response to dermal injury. Journal of Invest Dermatol 117: 1027-1035.
[19]	Park JE, Barbul A. (2004). Understanding the role of immune regulation in wound healing. Am J Surg 187: 11-16.
[20]	Gawronska-Kozak B, Bogacki M, Rim JS, Monroe WT, Manuel JA. (2006). Scarless skin repair in immunodeficient mice. Wound Repair Regen 14: 265-276.

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Ifeanyi Odidika Clifford Obiajuru, Chidinma Adanna Ikpeama, Immaculata Ogochukwu Uduchi. (2017). Assessment of Glycosuria and Bacterial Infections Amongst Prolonged – Healing Orthopaedic Wound Patients in Hospitals Within Imo State South Eastern Nigeria. American Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 2(3), 34-40. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170203.12

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Ifeanyi Odidika Clifford Obiajuru; Chidinma Adanna Ikpeama; Immaculata Ogochukwu Uduchi. Assessment of Glycosuria and Bacterial Infections Amongst Prolonged – Healing Orthopaedic Wound Patients in Hospitals Within Imo State South Eastern Nigeria. Am. J. Lab. Med. 2017, 2(3), 34-40. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20170203.12

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Ifeanyi Odidika Clifford Obiajuru, Chidinma Adanna Ikpeama, Immaculata Ogochukwu Uduchi. Assessment of Glycosuria and Bacterial Infections Amongst Prolonged – Healing Orthopaedic Wound Patients in Hospitals Within Imo State South Eastern Nigeria. Am J Lab Med. 2017;2(3):34-40. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20170203.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajlm.20170203.12,
  author = {Ifeanyi Odidika Clifford Obiajuru and Chidinma Adanna Ikpeama and Immaculata Ogochukwu Uduchi},
  title = {Assessment of Glycosuria and Bacterial Infections Amongst Prolonged – Healing Orthopaedic Wound Patients in Hospitals Within Imo State South Eastern Nigeria},
  journal = {American Journal of Laboratory Medicine},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {34-40},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajlm.20170203.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170203.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajlm.20170203.12},
  abstract = {Glycosuria and bacterial infections of patients with prolonged orthopaedic wounds and the antibiotics susceptibility of the bacteria associates was studied between October 2016 and May 2017. A total of 130 male and female respondents aged 18 to 50 years were selected for this study from out – patients and in – patients at Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu, Federal Medical Centre Owerri and 4 major private hospitals in Orlu and Owerri. One hundred and twenty four (82.7%) respondents completed and returned their questionnaires and wound swab was collected from 101 (67.3%) respondents. Thirteen (12.9%) respondents had concomitant infections of 2 bacterial species each and 88 (87.1%) had single bacterial infection each. Five species of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli were isolated from the patients. A total of 114 bacterial isolates were obtained. The most prevalent isolate (32.7%) was Pseudomonas aeroginosa and the least prevalent bacteria (12.8%) was Streptococcus species. Out of 124 respondents that completed and returned their questionnaires, 66 (53.2%) had wounds caused by vehicle road accident, 40 (32.3%) had wounds caused by assault / domestic violence and 16 (12.9%) had wounds caused by burn. The antibiotic susceptibility of the test isolates showed that ciprofloxacin (ciproxin) exhibited the highest growth inhibitory effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli. Nitrofurantoin did not exhibit any growth inhibitory effect on the test isolates except one strain of Escherichia coli. Ampiclox and Augmentin did not exhibit any growth inhibitory effect on Streptococcus species. Augmentin exhibited the lowest growth inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa while Nitrofurantoin exhibited the lowest on Escherichia coli. Urine analysis of the patients showed that 54 (53.5%) out of 101 patients examined had glucose in their urine. Comparative analysis of the data showed that prevalence of long – healing orthopaedic wounds was higher amongst patients with glucose in their urine than those without glucose in their urine. This study has shown that microbial infections which complicate and contribute immensely to long time taken for orthopaedic wounds to heal are treatable with conventional antibiotics available in Nigerian markets and used in Nigerian hospitals.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Glycosuria and Bacterial Infections Amongst Prolonged – Healing Orthopaedic Wound Patients in Hospitals Within Imo State South Eastern Nigeria
AU  - Ifeanyi Odidika Clifford Obiajuru
AU  - Chidinma Adanna Ikpeama
AU  - Immaculata Ogochukwu Uduchi
Y1  - 2017/08/18
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170203.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajlm.20170203.12
T2  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
SP  - 34
EP  - 40
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-386X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170203.12
AB  - Glycosuria and bacterial infections of patients with prolonged orthopaedic wounds and the antibiotics susceptibility of the bacteria associates was studied between October 2016 and May 2017. A total of 130 male and female respondents aged 18 to 50 years were selected for this study from out – patients and in – patients at Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu, Federal Medical Centre Owerri and 4 major private hospitals in Orlu and Owerri. One hundred and twenty four (82.7%) respondents completed and returned their questionnaires and wound swab was collected from 101 (67.3%) respondents. Thirteen (12.9%) respondents had concomitant infections of 2 bacterial species each and 88 (87.1%) had single bacterial infection each. Five species of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli were isolated from the patients. A total of 114 bacterial isolates were obtained. The most prevalent isolate (32.7%) was Pseudomonas aeroginosa and the least prevalent bacteria (12.8%) was Streptococcus species. Out of 124 respondents that completed and returned their questionnaires, 66 (53.2%) had wounds caused by vehicle road accident, 40 (32.3%) had wounds caused by assault / domestic violence and 16 (12.9%) had wounds caused by burn. The antibiotic susceptibility of the test isolates showed that ciprofloxacin (ciproxin) exhibited the highest growth inhibitory effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli. Nitrofurantoin did not exhibit any growth inhibitory effect on the test isolates except one strain of Escherichia coli. Ampiclox and Augmentin did not exhibit any growth inhibitory effect on Streptococcus species. Augmentin exhibited the lowest growth inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa while Nitrofurantoin exhibited the lowest on Escherichia coli. Urine analysis of the patients showed that 54 (53.5%) out of 101 patients examined had glucose in their urine. Comparative analysis of the data showed that prevalence of long – healing orthopaedic wounds was higher amongst patients with glucose in their urine than those without glucose in their urine. This study has shown that microbial infections which complicate and contribute immensely to long time taken for orthopaedic wounds to heal are treatable with conventional antibiotics available in Nigerian markets and used in Nigerian hospitals.
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Ifeanyi Odidika Clifford Obiajuru

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imo State University, Orlu Campus, Nigeria
Chidinma Adanna Ikpeama

Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria
Immaculata Ogochukwu Uduchi

Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, Imo State University Teaching Hospital, Orlu, Nigeria

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APA Style

Ifeanyi Odidika Clifford Obiajuru, Chidinma Adanna Ikpeama, Immaculata Ogochukwu Uduchi. (2017). Assessment of Glycosuria and Bacterial Infections Amongst Prolonged – Healing Orthopaedic Wound Patients in Hospitals Within Imo State South Eastern Nigeria. American Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 2(3), 34-40. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170203.12

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ACS Style

Ifeanyi Odidika Clifford Obiajuru; Chidinma Adanna Ikpeama; Immaculata Ogochukwu Uduchi. Assessment of Glycosuria and Bacterial Infections Amongst Prolonged – Healing Orthopaedic Wound Patients in Hospitals Within Imo State South Eastern Nigeria. Am. J. Lab. Med. 2017, 2(3), 34-40. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20170203.12

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AMA Style

Ifeanyi Odidika Clifford Obiajuru, Chidinma Adanna Ikpeama, Immaculata Ogochukwu Uduchi. Assessment of Glycosuria and Bacterial Infections Amongst Prolonged – Healing Orthopaedic Wound Patients in Hospitals Within Imo State South Eastern Nigeria. Am J Lab Med. 2017;2(3):34-40. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20170203.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajlm.20170203.12,
  author = {Ifeanyi Odidika Clifford Obiajuru and Chidinma Adanna Ikpeama and Immaculata Ogochukwu Uduchi},
  title = {Assessment of Glycosuria and Bacterial Infections Amongst Prolonged – Healing Orthopaedic Wound Patients in Hospitals Within Imo State South Eastern Nigeria},
  journal = {American Journal of Laboratory Medicine},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {34-40},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajlm.20170203.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170203.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajlm.20170203.12},
  abstract = {Glycosuria and bacterial infections of patients with prolonged orthopaedic wounds and the antibiotics susceptibility of the bacteria associates was studied between October 2016 and May 2017. A total of 130 male and female respondents aged 18 to 50 years were selected for this study from out – patients and in – patients at Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu, Federal Medical Centre Owerri and 4 major private hospitals in Orlu and Owerri. One hundred and twenty four (82.7%) respondents completed and returned their questionnaires and wound swab was collected from 101 (67.3%) respondents. Thirteen (12.9%) respondents had concomitant infections of 2 bacterial species each and 88 (87.1%) had single bacterial infection each. Five species of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli were isolated from the patients. A total of 114 bacterial isolates were obtained. The most prevalent isolate (32.7%) was Pseudomonas aeroginosa and the least prevalent bacteria (12.8%) was Streptococcus species. Out of 124 respondents that completed and returned their questionnaires, 66 (53.2%) had wounds caused by vehicle road accident, 40 (32.3%) had wounds caused by assault / domestic violence and 16 (12.9%) had wounds caused by burn. The antibiotic susceptibility of the test isolates showed that ciprofloxacin (ciproxin) exhibited the highest growth inhibitory effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli. Nitrofurantoin did not exhibit any growth inhibitory effect on the test isolates except one strain of Escherichia coli. Ampiclox and Augmentin did not exhibit any growth inhibitory effect on Streptococcus species. Augmentin exhibited the lowest growth inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa while Nitrofurantoin exhibited the lowest on Escherichia coli. Urine analysis of the patients showed that 54 (53.5%) out of 101 patients examined had glucose in their urine. Comparative analysis of the data showed that prevalence of long – healing orthopaedic wounds was higher amongst patients with glucose in their urine than those without glucose in their urine. This study has shown that microbial infections which complicate and contribute immensely to long time taken for orthopaedic wounds to heal are treatable with conventional antibiotics available in Nigerian markets and used in Nigerian hospitals.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Glycosuria and Bacterial Infections Amongst Prolonged – Healing Orthopaedic Wound Patients in Hospitals Within Imo State South Eastern Nigeria
AU  - Ifeanyi Odidika Clifford Obiajuru
AU  - Chidinma Adanna Ikpeama
AU  - Immaculata Ogochukwu Uduchi
Y1  - 2017/08/18
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170203.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajlm.20170203.12
T2  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
SP  - 34
EP  - 40
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-386X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170203.12
AB  - Glycosuria and bacterial infections of patients with prolonged orthopaedic wounds and the antibiotics susceptibility of the bacteria associates was studied between October 2016 and May 2017. A total of 130 male and female respondents aged 18 to 50 years were selected for this study from out – patients and in – patients at Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu, Federal Medical Centre Owerri and 4 major private hospitals in Orlu and Owerri. One hundred and twenty four (82.7%) respondents completed and returned their questionnaires and wound swab was collected from 101 (67.3%) respondents. Thirteen (12.9%) respondents had concomitant infections of 2 bacterial species each and 88 (87.1%) had single bacterial infection each. Five species of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli were isolated from the patients. A total of 114 bacterial isolates were obtained. The most prevalent isolate (32.7%) was Pseudomonas aeroginosa and the least prevalent bacteria (12.8%) was Streptococcus species. Out of 124 respondents that completed and returned their questionnaires, 66 (53.2%) had wounds caused by vehicle road accident, 40 (32.3%) had wounds caused by assault / domestic violence and 16 (12.9%) had wounds caused by burn. The antibiotic susceptibility of the test isolates showed that ciprofloxacin (ciproxin) exhibited the highest growth inhibitory effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli. Nitrofurantoin did not exhibit any growth inhibitory effect on the test isolates except one strain of Escherichia coli. Ampiclox and Augmentin did not exhibit any growth inhibitory effect on Streptococcus species. Augmentin exhibited the lowest growth inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa while Nitrofurantoin exhibited the lowest on Escherichia coli. Urine analysis of the patients showed that 54 (53.5%) out of 101 patients examined had glucose in their urine. Comparative analysis of the data showed that prevalence of long – healing orthopaedic wounds was higher amongst patients with glucose in their urine than those without glucose in their urine. This study has shown that microbial infections which complicate and contribute immensely to long time taken for orthopaedic wounds to heal are treatable with conventional antibiotics available in Nigerian markets and used in Nigerian hospitals.
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
ER  -

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