Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. In addition to the known risk factors, many studies have looked at the possible influence of psychosocial suffering factors on the occurrence of this cancer. In Benin, no study has been conducted in this regard. The objective of our research was therefore to study the exposure to psychosocial suffering factors influence on the occurrence of breast cancer. This study is a case-control study, conducted at the CNHU-HKM over a period of five months, involving patients with breast cancer (cases) and women without breast cancer (controls). Two controls were recruited for every one case. Thus, 180 people were recruited including 60 cases and 120 controls. The mean age was 48.28 (±10.52) years old for the cases and 48.6 (±10.67) years old for the controls. Death of the spouse and divorce were the major events more reported in the cases than in the controls. The risk of developing breast cancer was significantly 03 times higher in subjects who reported the death of their spouse (adjusted OR=3; 95% CI=1.10-8.55; p=0.033). There were no other significant associations for other major life events. There is no significant association between psychosocial distress factors in general and the occurrence of breast cancer. Only the death of the spouse was significantly associated with the occurrence of breast cancer.
| Published in | American Journal of Internal Medicine (Volume 9, Issue 6) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajim.20210906.14 |
| Page(s) | 262-268 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Benin, Breast Cancer, Psychosocial Suffering, Risk Factor
| [1] | Organisation mondiale de la santé. Centre international de Recherche sur le Cancer. Dernières données mondiales sur le cancer : le fardeau du cancer atteint 18,1 millions de nouveaux cas et 9,6 millions de décès par cancer en 2018. Commun Presse. 2018. 263: 3. |
| [2] | Hankinson SE, Polyak K, Garber JE, Anderson BO, McCormack V [Online]. Breast cancer: Multiple, often complex, risk factors, in World Cancer Report, International Agency for Cancer Report. Geneva: WHO; 2020 (cited 2020 October 22). Available from: http://publications.iarc.fr/586. |
| [3] | World Health Organization. Cancer Regional Profile Africa Region. Geneva: WHO; 2020 (cited 2020 October 16). Available from: https://www.who.int/cancer/country-profiles/en/. |
| [4] | World Health Organization. Cancer Country Profile Benin. Geneva: WHO; 2020 (cited 2020 October 16). Available from: https://www.who.int/cancer/country-profiles/BEN_2020. |
| [5] | Dumalaon-Canaria JA, Hutchinson AD, Prichard I and Wilson C. What causes breast cancer? A systematic review of causal attributions among breast cancer survivors and how these compare to expert-endorsed risk factors. Cancer Causes Control. 2014; 25 (7): 771-85. |
| [6] | Mettler CC. History of Medicine. Philadelphia: Balsckiston Co; 1947. |
| [7] | Evans E and Mead DA. Psychological study of cancer. The Psychoanalytic Revew. 1926; 15 (1): 108-109. |
| [8] | Lin Y, Wang C, Zhong Y, Huang X, Peng L, Shan G, Wang K and Sun Q. Striking life events associated with primary breast cancer susceptibility in women: a meta-analysis study. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Cancer Research. 2013; 32, (1): 53. DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-32-53. |
| [9] | Greer S and Morris T. Psychological attributes of women who develop breast cancer: A controlled study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 1975; 19 (2): 147-53. DOI: 10.1016/0022-3999(75)90062-8. |
| [10] | Cooper CL, Cooper R and Faragher EB. Incidence and perception of psychosocial stress: the relationship with breast cancer. Psychological Medicine. 1989; 19 (2): 415-22. DOI: 10.1017/s0033291700012459. |
| [11] | Edwards JR, Cooper CL, Pearl SG, de Paredes ES, O’Leary T and Wilhelm MC. The Relationship between Psychosocial Factors and Breast Cancer: Some Unexpected Results. Behavioral Medicine. 1990; 16 (1): 5-14. DOI: 10.1080/08964289.1990.9934586. |
| [12] | Jacobs JR and Bovasso GB. Early and chronic stress and their relation to breast cancer. Psychological Medicine. 2000; 30 (3): 669-78. DOI: 10.1017/s0033291799002020. |
| [13] | Lillberg K, Verkasalo PK, Kaprio J, Teppo L, Helenius H and Koskenvuo M. Stressful life events and risk of breast cancer in 10,808 women: a cohort study. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2003; 157 (5): 415-23. DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwg002. |
| [14] | Kruk J, and Aboul-Enein HY. Psychological stress and the risk of breast cancer: a case–control study. Cancer detection and prevention. 2004; 28 (6): 399-408. DOI: 10.1016/j.cdp.2004.07.009. |
| [15] | Peled R, Carmil D, Siboni-Samocha O and Shoham-Vardi I. Breast cancer, psychological distress and life events among young women. BMC Cancer. 2008; 8 (1): 245. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-8-245. |
| [16] | Cohen S, Janicki-Deverts D and Miller GE. Psychological Stress and Disease. JAMA. 2007; 298 (14): 1685. DOI: 10.1001/jama.298.14.1685. |
| [17] | McGregor BA and Antoni MH. Psychological intervention and health outcomes among women treated for breast cancer: A review of stress pathways and biological mediators. Brain, Behavior and Immunity. 2009; 23 (2): 159-66. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2008.08.002. |
| [18] | Holmes T and Rahe R. The social readjustment rating scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 1967; 11 (2): 213-18. DOI : 10.1016/0022-3999(67)90010-4. |
| [19] | Lin Y, Wang S, Zhang X, Wang C, Shan G, Zhou Y, Mao F, Guan J, Huang X, Zhong X and Sun Q. Association of striking life events with primary breast cancer in 265 Chinese women: a case-control study. Oncotarget. 2017; 8 (47): 82103-13 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18744. |
| [20] | Kruk J. Self-reported psychological stress and the risk of breast cancer: a case-control study. Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 2012: 15 (2); 162-71. DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2011.606340. |
| [21] | Lambe M, Cerrato R, Askling J and Hsieh CC. Maternal breast cancer risk after the death of a child. International Journal of Cancer. 2004; 110 (5): 763-66. DOI : 10.1002/ijc.20181. |
| [22] | Butow P, Meiser B, Price M, Bennett B, Tucker K, Davenport T, Hickie I. and Cuningham C. Psychological morbidity in women at increased risk of developing breast cancer: A controlled study. Psycho-oncology. 2005; 14 (3): 196-203. DOI: 10.1002/pon.835. |
| [23] | Aro AR, Koning HJD, Schreck M, Henriksson M, Anttila A and Pukkala E. Psychological risk factors of incidence of breast cancer: a prospective cohort study in Finland. Psychological Medicine. 2005; 5 (10): 1515-21. DOI: 10.1017/s0033291705005313. |
| [24] | Collège National des Enseignants de Cancérologie. Cancérologie. Paris : MED-LINE; 2018. |
| [25] | Daly-Schveitzer N. Cancérologie clinique. 2 éd. Paris: Masson; 1998. |
| [26] | Surtees PG, Wainwright NWJ, Luben RN, Khaw KT and Bingham. No evidence that social stress is associated with breast cancer incidence. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. 2010; 120 (1): 169-74. DOI: 1007/s10549-009- doi.org/100454-6. |
| [27] | Li P, Huang J, Wu H, Fu C, Li Y and Qiu J. Impact of lifestyle and psychological stress on the development of early onset breast cancer. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016; 95 (50). |
| [28] | Özkan M, Yıldırım N, Dişçi R, İlgün AS, Sarsenov D, Alço G, Aktepe F, Kalyoncu, N., İzci F., Selamoğlu, D., Ordu C., Pilancı, K. N., Erdoğan, Z. I., Eralp Y. and Özmen, V. Roles of Biopsychosocial Factors in the Development of Breast Cancer. European Journal of Breast Health. 2010; 13 (4): 206-12. DOI: 10.5152/ejbh.2017.3519. |
| [29] | Kvikstad A, Vatten LJ, Tretli S and Kvinnslan S. Death of a husband or marital divorce related to risk of breast cancer in middle-aged women. A nested case-control study among Norwegian women born 1935–1954. European Journal of Cancer. 1994; 30 (4), 473-477. DOI: 10.1016/0959-8049(94)90422-7. |
| [30] | Schoemaker MJ, Jones ME, Wright LB, Griffin J, McFadden E, Ashworth A. and Swerdlow AJ. Psychological stress, adverse life events and breast cancer incidence: a cohort investigation in 106,000 women in the United Kingdom. Breast Cancer Research, 2016, BCR., 18 (1), 72. DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0733. |
APA Style
Azon Kouanou Angèle, Agbodandé Kouessi Anthelme, Marrule Mahunan Danielle Marie Gracia, Gnangnon Freddy Houéhanou Rodrigue, Klikpo Elvyre, et al. (2021). Psychosocial Suffering as a Risk Factor of Breast Cancer: A Study Conducted at NTHC-HKM of Cotonou in 2020. American Journal of Internal Medicine, 9(6), 262-268. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20210906.14
ACS Style
Azon Kouanou Angèle; Agbodandé Kouessi Anthelme; Marrule Mahunan Danielle Marie Gracia; Gnangnon Freddy Houéhanou Rodrigue; Klikpo Elvyre, et al. Psychosocial Suffering as a Risk Factor of Breast Cancer: A Study Conducted at NTHC-HKM of Cotonou in 2020. Am. J. Intern. Med. 2021, 9(6), 262-268. doi: 10.11648/j.ajim.20210906.14
AMA Style
Azon Kouanou Angèle, Agbodandé Kouessi Anthelme, Marrule Mahunan Danielle Marie Gracia, Gnangnon Freddy Houéhanou Rodrigue, Klikpo Elvyre, et al. Psychosocial Suffering as a Risk Factor of Breast Cancer: A Study Conducted at NTHC-HKM of Cotonou in 2020. Am J Intern Med. 2021;9(6):262-268. doi: 10.11648/j.ajim.20210906.14
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ajim.20210906.14,
author = {Azon Kouanou Angèle and Agbodandé Kouessi Anthelme and Marrule Mahunan Danielle Marie Gracia and Gnangnon Freddy Houéhanou Rodrigue and Klikpo Elvyre and Sokadjo Yves Morel and Missiho Mahoutin Semassa Ghislain and Fiossi Kpadonou Emilie Ablawa and Murhula Katabana Delphin and Zannou Djimon Marcel},
title = {Psychosocial Suffering as a Risk Factor of Breast Cancer: A Study Conducted at NTHC-HKM of Cotonou in 2020},
journal = {American Journal of Internal Medicine},
volume = {9},
number = {6},
pages = {262-268},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajim.20210906.14},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20210906.14},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajim.20210906.14},
abstract = {Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. In addition to the known risk factors, many studies have looked at the possible influence of psychosocial suffering factors on the occurrence of this cancer. In Benin, no study has been conducted in this regard. The objective of our research was therefore to study the exposure to psychosocial suffering factors influence on the occurrence of breast cancer. This study is a case-control study, conducted at the CNHU-HKM over a period of five months, involving patients with breast cancer (cases) and women without breast cancer (controls). Two controls were recruited for every one case. Thus, 180 people were recruited including 60 cases and 120 controls. The mean age was 48.28 (±10.52) years old for the cases and 48.6 (±10.67) years old for the controls. Death of the spouse and divorce were the major events more reported in the cases than in the controls. The risk of developing breast cancer was significantly 03 times higher in subjects who reported the death of their spouse (adjusted OR=3; 95% CI=1.10-8.55; p=0.033). There were no other significant associations for other major life events. There is no significant association between psychosocial distress factors in general and the occurrence of breast cancer. Only the death of the spouse was significantly associated with the occurrence of breast cancer.},
year = {2021}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Psychosocial Suffering as a Risk Factor of Breast Cancer: A Study Conducted at NTHC-HKM of Cotonou in 2020 AU - Azon Kouanou Angèle AU - Agbodandé Kouessi Anthelme AU - Marrule Mahunan Danielle Marie Gracia AU - Gnangnon Freddy Houéhanou Rodrigue AU - Klikpo Elvyre AU - Sokadjo Yves Morel AU - Missiho Mahoutin Semassa Ghislain AU - Fiossi Kpadonou Emilie Ablawa AU - Murhula Katabana Delphin AU - Zannou Djimon Marcel Y1 - 2021/11/25 PY - 2021 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20210906.14 DO - 10.11648/j.ajim.20210906.14 T2 - American Journal of Internal Medicine JF - American Journal of Internal Medicine JO - American Journal of Internal Medicine SP - 262 EP - 268 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-4324 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20210906.14 AB - Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. In addition to the known risk factors, many studies have looked at the possible influence of psychosocial suffering factors on the occurrence of this cancer. In Benin, no study has been conducted in this regard. The objective of our research was therefore to study the exposure to psychosocial suffering factors influence on the occurrence of breast cancer. This study is a case-control study, conducted at the CNHU-HKM over a period of five months, involving patients with breast cancer (cases) and women without breast cancer (controls). Two controls were recruited for every one case. Thus, 180 people were recruited including 60 cases and 120 controls. The mean age was 48.28 (±10.52) years old for the cases and 48.6 (±10.67) years old for the controls. Death of the spouse and divorce were the major events more reported in the cases than in the controls. The risk of developing breast cancer was significantly 03 times higher in subjects who reported the death of their spouse (adjusted OR=3; 95% CI=1.10-8.55; p=0.033). There were no other significant associations for other major life events. There is no significant association between psychosocial distress factors in general and the occurrence of breast cancer. Only the death of the spouse was significantly associated with the occurrence of breast cancer. VL - 9 IS - 6 ER -
Information
Email: