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The Philosophicum – Model Project of Philosophy of Medicine in Medical Education and Practice in Germany Perspective Article

Received: 3 March 2019     Accepted: 10 April 2019     Published: 29 June 2019
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Abstract

Medical and philosophical thinking belong together, cannot be separated neither in scientific theory nor in practice, and only the symbiosis of both can face the challange to reflect the basic phenomenon of both of these desiciplines: human life itself. No patient expects to be treated exclusively on the basis of the latest scientific results, but also wants to be perceived by his doctor as an unique individual. It is the doctor’s specific task to embed the scientifically developed diagnoses therapeutically into each individual patient’s biography. Furthermore such a perspecitve increases patient safety and it enables a future of trust in the doctor-patient relationship. The „Philosophicum“ is a model project in Germany that brings together philosophers, physicians and students to do research and education in the broad and enriching intersection of medicine and philosophy. Based on many years of experience, we are convinced that a structured philosophical education can substantially improve medical studies and subsequently doctors‘ work. Medical anthropology and hermeneutics are necessary and also teachable. The preparation should start early in the medical education and should be strengthened by bedside training while interacting with the patient. This requires philosophically interested and trained doctors and students. Exactely for that reason we favor integrating a philosophicum into the medical eduacation and practice.

Published in American Journal of Internal Medicine (Volume 7, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajim.20190703.14
Page(s) 72-76
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Philosophy and Medicine, Medical Ethics, Medical Education and Training, Theory of Medicine, Philosophy of Medicine as a Humanitarian Practice

References
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[2] Flexner A.: Medical Education in the United States and Canada (1910), in: Themenportal Europäische Geschichte, 2013, www.europa.clioonline.de/quelle/id/artikel-3658.
[3] Hartzband P, Groopman J. Money and the changing culture of medicine. NEJM 2009; 360 (2): 100-103.
[4] Wallace JE, Lemaire JB, Ghali WA. Physician wellness: a missing quality indicator. Lancet. 2010; 374 (9702): 1714-21.
[5] Jurkat H. Lebensqualität bei Ärztinnen und Ärzten. Erfahrungen aus der empirischen Forschung. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2008; 133: 14-16.
[6] Keller EJ. Philosophy in medical education: A means of protecting mental health. Acad Psychiatry 2014; 38: 409-413
[7] Jaspers K. Der Arzt im technischen Zeitalter. Piper: München; 1986.
[8] Bohrer, T., Schmidt, M., Daub, J., Link, P. C., Königshausen, J. H. (2016): Die Praxis des Arztes ist konkrete Philosophie: Über die Wiedereinführung des Philosophicums an der Universität Würzburg. MedWelt 1: 14-17.
[9] Bohrer, T., Schmidt, M., Königshausen, J. H. (2016): Why should philosophy in medicine be reanimated? Changing the culture of medical education. International Education and Reseach Journal (IERJ) 2: 12-13.
[10] Bohrer T, Schmidt M, Königshausen J. Die Schwester der Medizin. Warum wir heute wieder ein Philosophicum brauchen. Deutsches Ärzteblatt 2010; 107: 2591-2592.
[11] Cole R. T., Nathan S. C., Carson R. A. Medical Humanities. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge; 2014.
[12] Schrödinger, E. (1967): What is Life? Cambridge Press: 90-165.
[13] Sackett, D. L., Rosenberg, W. M. C., Muir Gray, J. A. et al. (1996): Evidence-based medicine: What it is and what it isn´t. British Medical Journal 312, 71-72
[14] Sackett, D. L., Richardson W. S., Rosenberg, W., Haynes, R. B. (1999): Evidenzbasierte Medizin. EBM-Umsetzung und -Vermittlung. Deutsche Ausgabe (Regina Kunz und Lutz Fritsche) München, Bern, Wien, New York: W. Zuckschwerdt.
[15] Beckmann J. P. Ethik in der Medizin in Aus- und Weiterbildung aus der Sicht der Philosophie. Ethik in der Medizin 2006; 18: 1-5.
[16] Cole R. T., Nathan S. C., Carson R. A. Medical Humanities. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge; 2014.
[17] www.lesliecenterforthehumanities/DartmouthCollege
[18] Lee K. The Philosophical Foundations of Modern Medicine. Palgrave/Macmillan: London/New York; 2012.
[19] Taylor EW. Transformative Learning Theory. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education 2008; 119: 5-15
[20] Beck H. Gesundheit und Krankheit in philosophischer Betrachtung. Philotheos. International Journal for Philosophy and Theology, Beograd, 2015.
[21] Lown B. The lost art of healing. Schattauer, Stuttgart 2015.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Jonas Daub, Hans Christoph Aster, Hannah Gauger, Till Gallasch, Michael Schmidt, et al. (2019). The Philosophicum – Model Project of Philosophy of Medicine in Medical Education and Practice in Germany Perspective Article. American Journal of Internal Medicine, 7(3), 72-76. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20190703.14

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    ACS Style

    Jonas Daub; Hans Christoph Aster; Hannah Gauger; Till Gallasch; Michael Schmidt, et al. The Philosophicum – Model Project of Philosophy of Medicine in Medical Education and Practice in Germany Perspective Article. Am. J. Intern. Med. 2019, 7(3), 72-76. doi: 10.11648/j.ajim.20190703.14

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    AMA Style

    Jonas Daub, Hans Christoph Aster, Hannah Gauger, Till Gallasch, Michael Schmidt, et al. The Philosophicum – Model Project of Philosophy of Medicine in Medical Education and Practice in Germany Perspective Article. Am J Intern Med. 2019;7(3):72-76. doi: 10.11648/j.ajim.20190703.14

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajim.20190703.14,
      author = {Jonas Daub and Hans Christoph Aster and Hannah Gauger and Till Gallasch and Michael Schmidt and Johann Heinrich Koenigshausen and Thomas Bohrer},
      title = {The Philosophicum – Model Project of Philosophy of Medicine in Medical Education and Practice in Germany Perspective Article},
      journal = {American Journal of Internal Medicine},
      volume = {7},
      number = {3},
      pages = {72-76},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajim.20190703.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20190703.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajim.20190703.14},
      abstract = {Medical and philosophical thinking belong together, cannot be separated neither in scientific theory nor in practice, and only the symbiosis of both can face the challange to reflect the basic phenomenon of both of these desiciplines: human life itself. No patient expects to be treated exclusively on the basis of the latest scientific results, but also wants to be perceived by his doctor as an unique individual. It is the doctor’s specific task to embed the scientifically developed diagnoses therapeutically into each individual patient’s biography. Furthermore such a perspecitve increases patient safety and it enables a future of trust in the doctor-patient relationship. The „Philosophicum“ is a model project in Germany that brings together philosophers, physicians and students to do research and education in the broad and enriching intersection of medicine and philosophy. Based on many years of experience, we are convinced that a structured philosophical education can substantially improve medical studies and subsequently doctors‘ work. Medical anthropology and hermeneutics are necessary and also teachable. The preparation should start early in the medical education and should be strengthened by bedside training while interacting with the patient. This requires philosophically interested and trained doctors and students. Exactely for that reason we favor integrating a philosophicum into the medical eduacation and practice.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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Author Information
  • Department of Medicine: Philosophicum, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany

  • Department of Neurology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany

  • Department of Medicine: Philosophicum, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany

  • Department of Medicine: Philosophicum, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany

  • Ethics Comitee, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany

  • Institute of Philosophy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany

  • Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kulmbach Gerneral Hospital, Kulmbach, Germany

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