Application Use of Water Quality Index (WQI) and Multivariate Analysis for Nokoué Lake Water Quality Assessment

Josué Esdras Babadjidé Zandagba; Firmin Mahoutin Adandedji; Bruno Enagnon Lokonon; Amédée Chabi; Oswald Dan; Daouda Mama

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajese.20170104.13

Application Use of Water Quality Index (WQI) and Multivariate Analysis for Nokoué Lake Water Quality Assessment

Josué Esdras Babadjidé Zandagba, Firmin Mahoutin Adandedji, Bruno Enagnon Lokonon, Amédée Chabi, Oswald Dan, Daouda Mama

Published in American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering (Volume 1, Issue 4)

Received: 21 November 2017 Accepted: 4 December 2017 Published: 3 January 2018

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Abstract

Due to its location and multiple uses, Nokoué Lake, is subject to multiple attacks impairing water quality. The present work aims at assessing the water quality index (WQI) on this surface water, by monitoring twenty sampling locations for a period of rainy and dry season in 2016. For calculating the WQI, seven parameters, namely, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, electrical conductivity, Biochemical oxygen demand, nitrite and nitrate were considered. Statistical tests and conclusions were made on the basis of a multiparametric model. Thus, to evaluate significant differences among the sites for all water quality variables, data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 0.05% level of significance. Multivariate analysis of the water quality data sets was performed using Hierarchical Cluster analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that WQI values ranged from 93.96 (good water quality) in rainy season to 100.73 (bad water quality) in dry season. The values of physicochemical parameters significantly increased from rainy to dry season. Water quality of Nokoué Lake can be categorized into "Good water" during the rainy season to "Poor water" during the dry season. Application of the WQI is suggested as a very helpful tool that enables decision makers to evaluate water quality.

Published in	American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering (Volume 1, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajese.20170104.13
Page(s)	117-127
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Lake, Water Quality, WQI, Multivariate Analysis

References

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APA Style

Josué Esdras Babadjidé Zandagba, Firmin Mahoutin Adandedji, Bruno Enagnon Lokonon, Amédée Chabi, Oswald Dan, et al. (2018). Application Use of Water Quality Index (WQI) and Multivariate Analysis for Nokoué Lake Water Quality Assessment. American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 1(4), 117-127. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20170104.13

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ACS Style

Josué Esdras Babadjidé Zandagba; Firmin Mahoutin Adandedji; Bruno Enagnon Lokonon; Amédée Chabi; Oswald Dan, et al. Application Use of Water Quality Index (WQI) and Multivariate Analysis for Nokoué Lake Water Quality Assessment. Am. J. Environ. Sci. Eng. 2018, 1(4), 117-127. doi: 10.11648/j.ajese.20170104.13

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AMA Style

Josué Esdras Babadjidé Zandagba, Firmin Mahoutin Adandedji, Bruno Enagnon Lokonon, Amédée Chabi, Oswald Dan, et al. Application Use of Water Quality Index (WQI) and Multivariate Analysis for Nokoué Lake Water Quality Assessment. Am J Environ Sci Eng. 2018;1(4):117-127. doi: 10.11648/j.ajese.20170104.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajese.20170104.13,
  author = {Josué Esdras Babadjidé Zandagba and Firmin Mahoutin Adandedji and Bruno Enagnon Lokonon and Amédée Chabi and Oswald Dan and Daouda Mama},
  title = {Application Use of Water Quality Index (WQI) and Multivariate Analysis for Nokoué Lake Water Quality Assessment},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering},
  volume = {1},
  number = {4},
  pages = {117-127},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajese.20170104.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20170104.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajese.20170104.13},
  abstract = {Due to its location and multiple uses, Nokoué Lake, is subject to multiple attacks impairing water quality. The present work aims at assessing the water quality index (WQI) on this surface water, by monitoring twenty sampling locations for a period of rainy and dry season in 2016. For calculating the WQI, seven parameters, namely, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, electrical conductivity, Biochemical oxygen demand, nitrite and nitrate were considered. Statistical tests and conclusions were made on the basis of a multiparametric model. Thus, to evaluate significant differences among the sites for all water quality variables, data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 0.05% level of significance. Multivariate analysis of the water quality data sets was performed using Hierarchical Cluster analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that WQI values ranged from 93.96 (good water quality) in rainy season to 100.73 (bad water quality) in dry season. The values of physicochemical parameters significantly increased from rainy to dry season. Water quality of Nokoué Lake can be categorized into "Good water" during the rainy season to "Poor water" during the dry season. Application of the WQI is suggested as a very helpful tool that enables decision makers to evaluate water quality.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Application Use of Water Quality Index (WQI) and Multivariate Analysis for Nokoué Lake Water Quality Assessment
AU  - Josué Esdras Babadjidé Zandagba
AU  - Firmin Mahoutin Adandedji
AU  - Bruno Enagnon Lokonon
AU  - Amédée Chabi
AU  - Oswald Dan
AU  - Daouda Mama
Y1  - 2018/01/03
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20170104.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajese.20170104.13
T2  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
SP  - 117
EP  - 127
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-7993
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20170104.13
AB  - Due to its location and multiple uses, Nokoué Lake, is subject to multiple attacks impairing water quality. The present work aims at assessing the water quality index (WQI) on this surface water, by monitoring twenty sampling locations for a period of rainy and dry season in 2016. For calculating the WQI, seven parameters, namely, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, electrical conductivity, Biochemical oxygen demand, nitrite and nitrate were considered. Statistical tests and conclusions were made on the basis of a multiparametric model. Thus, to evaluate significant differences among the sites for all water quality variables, data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 0.05% level of significance. Multivariate analysis of the water quality data sets was performed using Hierarchical Cluster analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that WQI values ranged from 93.96 (good water quality) in rainy season to 100.73 (bad water quality) in dry season. The values of physicochemical parameters significantly increased from rainy to dry season. Water quality of Nokoué Lake can be categorized into "Good water" during the rainy season to "Poor water" during the dry season. Application of the WQI is suggested as a very helpful tool that enables decision makers to evaluate water quality.
VL  - 1
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Josué Esdras Babadjidé Zandagba

Laboratory of Applied Hydrology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Calavi, Benin
Firmin Mahoutin Adandedji

Laboratory of Applied Hydrology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Calavi, Benin
Bruno Enagnon Lokonon

Laboratory of Biomathematics and Forest Estimations, University of Abomey-Calavi, Calavi, Benin
Amédée Chabi

Laboratory of Applied Hydrology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Calavi, Benin
Oswald Dan

Laboratory of Hydraulics and Control of Water, University of Abomey-Calavi, Calavi, Benin
Daouda Mama

Laboratory of Applied Hydrology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Calavi, Benin

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Josué Esdras Babadjidé Zandagba, Firmin Mahoutin Adandedji, Bruno Enagnon Lokonon, Amédée Chabi, Oswald Dan, et al. (2018). Application Use of Water Quality Index (WQI) and Multivariate Analysis for Nokoué Lake Water Quality Assessment. American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 1(4), 117-127. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20170104.13

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ACS Style

Josué Esdras Babadjidé Zandagba; Firmin Mahoutin Adandedji; Bruno Enagnon Lokonon; Amédée Chabi; Oswald Dan, et al. Application Use of Water Quality Index (WQI) and Multivariate Analysis for Nokoué Lake Water Quality Assessment. Am. J. Environ. Sci. Eng. 2018, 1(4), 117-127. doi: 10.11648/j.ajese.20170104.13

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AMA Style

Josué Esdras Babadjidé Zandagba, Firmin Mahoutin Adandedji, Bruno Enagnon Lokonon, Amédée Chabi, Oswald Dan, et al. Application Use of Water Quality Index (WQI) and Multivariate Analysis for Nokoué Lake Water Quality Assessment. Am J Environ Sci Eng. 2018;1(4):117-127. doi: 10.11648/j.ajese.20170104.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajese.20170104.13,
  author = {Josué Esdras Babadjidé Zandagba and Firmin Mahoutin Adandedji and Bruno Enagnon Lokonon and Amédée Chabi and Oswald Dan and Daouda Mama},
  title = {Application Use of Water Quality Index (WQI) and Multivariate Analysis for Nokoué Lake Water Quality Assessment},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering},
  volume = {1},
  number = {4},
  pages = {117-127},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajese.20170104.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20170104.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajese.20170104.13},
  abstract = {Due to its location and multiple uses, Nokoué Lake, is subject to multiple attacks impairing water quality. The present work aims at assessing the water quality index (WQI) on this surface water, by monitoring twenty sampling locations for a period of rainy and dry season in 2016. For calculating the WQI, seven parameters, namely, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, electrical conductivity, Biochemical oxygen demand, nitrite and nitrate were considered. Statistical tests and conclusions were made on the basis of a multiparametric model. Thus, to evaluate significant differences among the sites for all water quality variables, data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 0.05% level of significance. Multivariate analysis of the water quality data sets was performed using Hierarchical Cluster analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that WQI values ranged from 93.96 (good water quality) in rainy season to 100.73 (bad water quality) in dry season. The values of physicochemical parameters significantly increased from rainy to dry season. Water quality of Nokoué Lake can be categorized into "Good water" during the rainy season to "Poor water" during the dry season. Application of the WQI is suggested as a very helpful tool that enables decision makers to evaluate water quality.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Application Use of Water Quality Index (WQI) and Multivariate Analysis for Nokoué Lake Water Quality Assessment
AU  - Josué Esdras Babadjidé Zandagba
AU  - Firmin Mahoutin Adandedji
AU  - Bruno Enagnon Lokonon
AU  - Amédée Chabi
AU  - Oswald Dan
AU  - Daouda Mama
Y1  - 2018/01/03
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20170104.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajese.20170104.13
T2  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
SP  - 117
EP  - 127
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-7993
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20170104.13
AB  - Due to its location and multiple uses, Nokoué Lake, is subject to multiple attacks impairing water quality. The present work aims at assessing the water quality index (WQI) on this surface water, by monitoring twenty sampling locations for a period of rainy and dry season in 2016. For calculating the WQI, seven parameters, namely, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, electrical conductivity, Biochemical oxygen demand, nitrite and nitrate were considered. Statistical tests and conclusions were made on the basis of a multiparametric model. Thus, to evaluate significant differences among the sites for all water quality variables, data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 0.05% level of significance. Multivariate analysis of the water quality data sets was performed using Hierarchical Cluster analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that WQI values ranged from 93.96 (good water quality) in rainy season to 100.73 (bad water quality) in dry season. The values of physicochemical parameters significantly increased from rainy to dry season. Water quality of Nokoué Lake can be categorized into "Good water" during the rainy season to "Poor water" during the dry season. Application of the WQI is suggested as a very helpful tool that enables decision makers to evaluate water quality.
VL  - 1
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download