,
Esther Eyong Mbi Arrabi,
Fominka Tajoacha Nestor,
Nkwelle Emmanuel Ebong,
Ebane Koubi Nadine,
Etone Carl Ngole,
Mary Ashu Mbi,
Elvis Tetuh Tendong,
Ashunchong Cilia Besong
The interplay between flight safety operations and urban birds’ feeding ecology at Douala International Airport highlights the complexity of managing wildlife in urban aviation environments. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for developing effective interventions that enhance aviation safety while promoting biodiversity. Continued research and collaboration among stakeholders are essential to create a sustainable framework that benefits both the aviation sector and the rich avian diversity of the Littoral Region. The increasing frequency of air traffic at Douala International Airport has led to growing concerns about bird strikes and their implications for aviation safety. This study explores the intricate relationship between flight safety operations and the feeding ecology of urban birds in Douala International Airport. Through field surveys and behavioral observations, predominant bird species inhabiting the airport vicinity was recorded, and their feeding ecology was correlated with the proximity to flight paths at the runway. The results of this study recorded a high presence of village weaver (Ploceus cucullatus) 21.2%, black-crowned waxbill (Estrilda nonnula) 19.7% respectively, while pied crow (Corvus albus) 2.3% and black & white mannikin (Lonchura bicolor) 2.3% recorded the lowest presence. The study has also shown a significant association on flight routine operations X2=85.545 df=20 P=0.000, day-period X2=67.172 df=20 P=0.000, and climatic conditions X2=100.768 df=30 P=0.000 respectively. More so, birds location during flight operations was significantly linked to birds strike risk assessment X2=28.531 df=2 P=0.000, and the Social Activity of Birds r=0.622 P=.000. Also, movement pattern of birds within the airport recorded a significance on climatic conditions r=0.363 P=0.000, and their habitat characteristics r=0.768 P=0.000. The relationship between birds' location during routine flight operations and the risk of bird strikes is a critical area of research that impacts aviation safety and wildlife conservation. As bird populations and behavior continue to evolve, understanding the nuances of their movements in relation to airport operations will be essential. This research underscores the importance of integrating ecological considerations within aviation safety protocols, advocating for sustainable practices that balance flight operational efficiency. The study equally highlights the importance of fostering a balanced coexistence between aviation operations and wildlife conservation. By prioritizing collaborative efforts and evidence-based strategies, Douala International Airport can serve as a model for sustainable aviation practices that both safeguard flight operations and protect the rich avian diversity of the Littoral Region.
| Published in | American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 15, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajep.20261501.15 |
| Page(s) | 39-50 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Flight Safety, Urban Birds, International Airport, Activity of Birds, Balance Coexistence
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APA Style
Maurice, M. E., Arrabi, E. E. M., Nestor, F. T., Ebong, N. E., Nadine, E. K., et al. (2026). Flight Safety Operations and Urban Birds Feeding Ecology in Douala International Airport, Littoral Region, Cameroon. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 15(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20261501.15
ACS Style
Maurice, M. E.; Arrabi, E. E. M.; Nestor, F. T.; Ebong, N. E.; Nadine, E. K., et al. Flight Safety Operations and Urban Birds Feeding Ecology in Douala International Airport, Littoral Region, Cameroon. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2026, 15(1), 39-50. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20261501.15
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author = {Melle Ekane Maurice and Esther Eyong Mbi Arrabi and Fominka Tajoacha Nestor and Nkwelle Emmanuel Ebong and Ebane Koubi Nadine and Etone Carl Ngole and Mary Ashu Mbi and Elvis Tetuh Tendong and Ashunchong Cilia Besong},
title = {Flight Safety Operations and Urban Birds Feeding Ecology in Douala International Airport, Littoral Region, Cameroon},
journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {39-50},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20261501.15},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20261501.15},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20261501.15},
abstract = {The interplay between flight safety operations and urban birds’ feeding ecology at Douala International Airport highlights the complexity of managing wildlife in urban aviation environments. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for developing effective interventions that enhance aviation safety while promoting biodiversity. Continued research and collaboration among stakeholders are essential to create a sustainable framework that benefits both the aviation sector and the rich avian diversity of the Littoral Region. The increasing frequency of air traffic at Douala International Airport has led to growing concerns about bird strikes and their implications for aviation safety. This study explores the intricate relationship between flight safety operations and the feeding ecology of urban birds in Douala International Airport. Through field surveys and behavioral observations, predominant bird species inhabiting the airport vicinity was recorded, and their feeding ecology was correlated with the proximity to flight paths at the runway. The results of this study recorded a high presence of village weaver (Ploceus cucullatus) 21.2%, black-crowned waxbill (Estrilda nonnula) 19.7% respectively, while pied crow (Corvus albus) 2.3% and black & white mannikin (Lonchura bicolor) 2.3% recorded the lowest presence. The study has also shown a significant association on flight routine operations X2=85.545 df=20 P=0.000, day-period X2=67.172 df=20 P=0.000, and climatic conditions X2=100.768 df=30 P=0.000 respectively. More so, birds location during flight operations was significantly linked to birds strike risk assessment X2=28.531 df=2 P=0.000, and the Social Activity of Birds r=0.622 P=.000. Also, movement pattern of birds within the airport recorded a significance on climatic conditions r=0.363 P=0.000, and their habitat characteristics r=0.768 P=0.000. The relationship between birds' location during routine flight operations and the risk of bird strikes is a critical area of research that impacts aviation safety and wildlife conservation. As bird populations and behavior continue to evolve, understanding the nuances of their movements in relation to airport operations will be essential. This research underscores the importance of integrating ecological considerations within aviation safety protocols, advocating for sustainable practices that balance flight operational efficiency. The study equally highlights the importance of fostering a balanced coexistence between aviation operations and wildlife conservation. By prioritizing collaborative efforts and evidence-based strategies, Douala International Airport can serve as a model for sustainable aviation practices that both safeguard flight operations and protect the rich avian diversity of the Littoral Region.},
year = {2026}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Flight Safety Operations and Urban Birds Feeding Ecology in Douala International Airport, Littoral Region, Cameroon AU - Melle Ekane Maurice AU - Esther Eyong Mbi Arrabi AU - Fominka Tajoacha Nestor AU - Nkwelle Emmanuel Ebong AU - Ebane Koubi Nadine AU - Etone Carl Ngole AU - Mary Ashu Mbi AU - Elvis Tetuh Tendong AU - Ashunchong Cilia Besong Y1 - 2026/02/24 PY - 2026 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20261501.15 DO - 10.11648/j.ajep.20261501.15 T2 - American Journal of Environmental Protection JF - American Journal of Environmental Protection JO - American Journal of Environmental Protection SP - 39 EP - 50 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-5699 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20261501.15 AB - The interplay between flight safety operations and urban birds’ feeding ecology at Douala International Airport highlights the complexity of managing wildlife in urban aviation environments. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for developing effective interventions that enhance aviation safety while promoting biodiversity. Continued research and collaboration among stakeholders are essential to create a sustainable framework that benefits both the aviation sector and the rich avian diversity of the Littoral Region. The increasing frequency of air traffic at Douala International Airport has led to growing concerns about bird strikes and their implications for aviation safety. This study explores the intricate relationship between flight safety operations and the feeding ecology of urban birds in Douala International Airport. Through field surveys and behavioral observations, predominant bird species inhabiting the airport vicinity was recorded, and their feeding ecology was correlated with the proximity to flight paths at the runway. The results of this study recorded a high presence of village weaver (Ploceus cucullatus) 21.2%, black-crowned waxbill (Estrilda nonnula) 19.7% respectively, while pied crow (Corvus albus) 2.3% and black & white mannikin (Lonchura bicolor) 2.3% recorded the lowest presence. The study has also shown a significant association on flight routine operations X2=85.545 df=20 P=0.000, day-period X2=67.172 df=20 P=0.000, and climatic conditions X2=100.768 df=30 P=0.000 respectively. More so, birds location during flight operations was significantly linked to birds strike risk assessment X2=28.531 df=2 P=0.000, and the Social Activity of Birds r=0.622 P=.000. Also, movement pattern of birds within the airport recorded a significance on climatic conditions r=0.363 P=0.000, and their habitat characteristics r=0.768 P=0.000. The relationship between birds' location during routine flight operations and the risk of bird strikes is a critical area of research that impacts aviation safety and wildlife conservation. As bird populations and behavior continue to evolve, understanding the nuances of their movements in relation to airport operations will be essential. This research underscores the importance of integrating ecological considerations within aviation safety protocols, advocating for sustainable practices that balance flight operational efficiency. The study equally highlights the importance of fostering a balanced coexistence between aviation operations and wildlife conservation. By prioritizing collaborative efforts and evidence-based strategies, Douala International Airport can serve as a model for sustainable aviation practices that both safeguard flight operations and protect the rich avian diversity of the Littoral Region. VL - 15 IS - 1 ER -
Department of Forestry and Wildlife, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
Department of Forestry and Wildlife, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
Department of Forestry and Wildlife, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
Department of Environmental Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
Department of Forestry and Wildlife, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
Department of Forestry and Wildlife, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
Department of Forestry and Wildlife, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
Department of Environmental Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
Department of Environmental Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
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