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Processes for Sustaining Energy in Noncertified Historic Buildings: A Case Study of Smith Plantation

Received: 3 July 2021     Accepted: 22 July 2021     Published: 11 August 2021
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Abstract

This paper addresses energy efficiency, indoor air quality, and water consumption in historic buildings. Building sustainability has become a worldwide issue from new construction to existing buildings. Historic buildings make up a large part of existing buildings throughout the world, making it essential that research is done to provide these buildings with sustainable options. The areas of special concerns in renovating historic buildings are improving indoor environmental quality, indoor air quality, water efficiency, and energy efficiency while maintaining the historical value of these buildings. This paper presents a case study of the Smith Plantation in Metro Atlanta, Georgia. The study includes 1) field verification and existing condition assessment of the thermal comfort, energy consumption, and indoor air quality. 2) Building information modeling was used to simulate the energy performance of the buildings as well as determining the CO2 footprint. These models were calibrated and verified against field readings. 3) the simulation models were used to generate design and renovation alternatives to improve the energy efficiency of these buildings as well as reducing the CO2 footprint without impacting the originality of these buildings. This study will provide general design guidelines and renovation options for historic buildings to reduce energy consumption and creating a smaller carbon footprint while maintaining the authenticity of the buildings.

Published in American Journal of Energy Engineering (Volume 9, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajee.20210903.11
Page(s) 60-67
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Indoor Air Quality, Historic Buildings, Energy Efficiency, Energy Modeling, Sustainability, Building Information Modeling

References
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[2] American Dreams Inc., National Register of Historical Places - GEORGIA (GA), (n.d.). https://nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/ga/state.html#pickem (accessed December 15, 2018).
[3] S. Cherry-Farmer MHP, personal communication, (2019).
[4] National Park Service US Department of Interior, How to List a Property - National Register of Historic Places (U.S. National Park Service), (2018). https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalregister/how-to-list-a-property.htm (accessed December 17, 2018).
[5] B. Rohdin, Patrik; Daleeski, Mariusz; Moshfegh, Combining a survey approach and energy and indoor environment auditing in historic buildings, J. Eng. Des. Technol. 14 (2016) 182–196. doi: 10.1108/JEDT-06-2013-0042.
[6] H. R. Trechsel, M. T. Bomberg, S. C. Park, Moisture in Historic Buildings and Preservation Guidance, Moisture Control Build. Key Factor Mold Prev. Ed. (2009) 442-442–21. doi: 10.1520/MNL11562M.
[7] A. Green, Air Conditioning History, Facts & Overview of Air Conditioners, Pop. Mech. (2015). https://www.popularmechanics.com/home/how-to/a7951/a-brief-history-of-air-conditioning-10720229/.
[8] B. M. Smith AIA, Preservation Brief: Conserving energy in historic buildings, Natl. Park Serv. Br. (n.d.). Retrieved June 8, 2019, from http://www.oldhouseweb.com/how-to-advice/hvac-and-insulation/preservation-brief-conserving-energy-in-historic-buildings.shtml (accessed June 8, 2019).
[9] City of Roswell. The Jaeger Company, Archibald Smith Plantation Home: Master Plan Report, Roswell, 2009.
[10] TSI Quest. (n.d.). Questemp Heat Stress Monitors Models 44 and 46 User Manual.
[11] DOE, 2019; “ EnergyPlus” EnergyPlus is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Building Technologies Office (BTO), and managed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Retrieved August 16, 2019, from https://energyplus.net.
[12] What are safe levels of CO and CO2 in rooms? | Kane International Limited, (n.d.). Retrieved August 17, 2019, from https://www.kane.co.uk/knowledge-centre/what-are-safe-levels-of-co-and-co2-in-rooms.
[13] U.S. EPA, Air Quality Guide for Nitrogen Dioxide, EPA-456/F-11-003, n.d. www.enviroflash.info (accessed August 17, 2019).
[14] W. Anaf, L. Bencs, R. Van Grieken, K. Janssens, K. De Wael, Indoor particulate matter in four Belgian heritage sites: Case studies on the deposition of dark-colored and hygroscopic particles, Sci. Total Environ. 506–507 (2015) 361–368. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.018.
[15] J. Grau-Bové, B. Budič, I. K. Cigić, D. Thickett, S. Signorello, M. Strlič, The effect of particulate matter on paper degradation, Herit. Sci. 4 (2016). doi: 10.1186/s40494-016-0071-8.
[16] T. Padfield, The Role of Absorbent Building Materials in Moderating Changes of Relative Humidity, 1998, The Technical University of Denmark. Retrieved on August 17, 2019 from https://conservationphysics.org/phd/ch1a.pdf.
[17] U.S. Department of Energy “Commercial Reference Building Models of the National Building Stock,” Technical Report, February 2011.
[18] R. Ruparathna, K. Hewage, R. Sadiq, Improving the energy efficiency of the existing building stock: A critical review of commercial and institutional buildings, 2015, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. Retrieved on June 16, 2018, from http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.proxy.kennesaw.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=1&sid=9ecbf86e-7d2a-4197-ba68-bc1f40c200e5%40sdc-v-sessmgr02&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#db=edsgao&AN=edsgcl.521982496.
[19] A. Ball, G. Paxton, The Guidelines for Improving Energy Efficiency in Historic Buildings, 2012, Maine Preservation. Retrieved on April 17, 2018 from https://static1.squarespace.com/static/56b74bc427d4bd8d3cff12f6/t/578cdf9546c3c4caeed188d7/1468850074429/EnergyEffientMaine.pdf.
[20] G. Pavlogeorgatos, Environmental parameters in museums, Build. Environ. 38 (2003) 1457–1462. doi: 10.1016/S0360-1323(03)00113-6.
[21] A. Cavicchioli, R. Orsini, C. De Souza, G. R. Reis, A. Fornaro, Indoor Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrtion in Two Museums of the Sao Paulo Megacity - Brazil, (2013) 113–122. Retrieved on January 26, 2019 from www.e-PRESERVATIONScience.org.
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Jacqueline Furcha Stephens, Hussein Faud Abaza. (2021). Processes for Sustaining Energy in Noncertified Historic Buildings: A Case Study of Smith Plantation. American Journal of Energy Engineering, 9(3), 60-67. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20210903.11

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    ACS Style

    Jacqueline Furcha Stephens; Hussein Faud Abaza. Processes for Sustaining Energy in Noncertified Historic Buildings: A Case Study of Smith Plantation. Am. J. Energy Eng. 2021, 9(3), 60-67. doi: 10.11648/j.ajee.20210903.11

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    AMA Style

    Jacqueline Furcha Stephens, Hussein Faud Abaza. Processes for Sustaining Energy in Noncertified Historic Buildings: A Case Study of Smith Plantation. Am J Energy Eng. 2021;9(3):60-67. doi: 10.11648/j.ajee.20210903.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajee.20210903.11,
      author = {Jacqueline Furcha Stephens and Hussein Faud Abaza},
      title = {Processes for Sustaining Energy in Noncertified Historic Buildings: A Case Study of Smith Plantation},
      journal = {American Journal of Energy Engineering},
      volume = {9},
      number = {3},
      pages = {60-67},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajee.20210903.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20210903.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajee.20210903.11},
      abstract = {This paper addresses energy efficiency, indoor air quality, and water consumption in historic buildings. Building sustainability has become a worldwide issue from new construction to existing buildings. Historic buildings make up a large part of existing buildings throughout the world, making it essential that research is done to provide these buildings with sustainable options. The areas of special concerns in renovating historic buildings are improving indoor environmental quality, indoor air quality, water efficiency, and energy efficiency while maintaining the historical value of these buildings. This paper presents a case study of the Smith Plantation in Metro Atlanta, Georgia. The study includes 1) field verification and existing condition assessment of the thermal comfort, energy consumption, and indoor air quality. 2) Building information modeling was used to simulate the energy performance of the buildings as well as determining the CO2 footprint. These models were calibrated and verified against field readings. 3) the simulation models were used to generate design and renovation alternatives to improve the energy efficiency of these buildings as well as reducing the CO2 footprint without impacting the originality of these buildings. This study will provide general design guidelines and renovation options for historic buildings to reduce energy consumption and creating a smaller carbon footprint while maintaining the authenticity of the buildings.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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    T1  - Processes for Sustaining Energy in Noncertified Historic Buildings: A Case Study of Smith Plantation
    AU  - Jacqueline Furcha Stephens
    AU  - Hussein Faud Abaza
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    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20210903.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajee.20210903.11
    T2  - American Journal of Energy Engineering
    JF  - American Journal of Energy Engineering
    JO  - American Journal of Energy Engineering
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20210903.11
    AB  - This paper addresses energy efficiency, indoor air quality, and water consumption in historic buildings. Building sustainability has become a worldwide issue from new construction to existing buildings. Historic buildings make up a large part of existing buildings throughout the world, making it essential that research is done to provide these buildings with sustainable options. The areas of special concerns in renovating historic buildings are improving indoor environmental quality, indoor air quality, water efficiency, and energy efficiency while maintaining the historical value of these buildings. This paper presents a case study of the Smith Plantation in Metro Atlanta, Georgia. The study includes 1) field verification and existing condition assessment of the thermal comfort, energy consumption, and indoor air quality. 2) Building information modeling was used to simulate the energy performance of the buildings as well as determining the CO2 footprint. These models were calibrated and verified against field readings. 3) the simulation models were used to generate design and renovation alternatives to improve the energy efficiency of these buildings as well as reducing the CO2 footprint without impacting the originality of these buildings. This study will provide general design guidelines and renovation options for historic buildings to reduce energy consumption and creating a smaller carbon footprint while maintaining the authenticity of the buildings.
    VL  - 9
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Construction Management Department, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, the United States

  • Construction Management Department, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, the United States

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