Effect of Amlodipine Alone and in Combination with Enalapril on Lipid Profile in Hypertensive Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (Gaza Strip)

Hidaya Sobhi Saker; Amin Tawfeeq Hamed; Amal Fares Jamee; Mahmoud Jalal Wadi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20160405.16

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Effect of Amlodipine Alone and in Combination with Enalapril on Lipid Profile in Hypertensive Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (Gaza Strip)

Hidaya Sobhi Saker, Amin Tawfeeq Hamed, Amal Fares Jamee, Mahmoud Jalal Wadi

Published in American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Volume 4, Issue 5)

Received: 23 August 2016 Accepted: 3 September 2016 Published: 11 October 2016

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Abstract

Hypertension with dyslipidemia is becoming a common morbidity and hyperlipidemia is considered as an independent risk factor in development of cardiovascular diseases [1]. To evaluate the effects of Amlodipine (Calcium channel blocker) alone and in combination with Enalapril (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitor) on serum lipid profile in hypertensive patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), fifty hypertensive patients with CKD were divided equally into Amlodipine (5-10mg/day) treated group and Amlodipine/Enalapril combination (5-10mg/day, 10-20mg/day) treated group. Serum lipid profile were determined before and after 2, 4 and 6 months of treatment in both groups. A significant decrease in the levels of serum lipid profile in the hypertensive patients with CKD resulted with Amlodipine therapy alone and in combination with Enalapril. In both treated groups, the used drugs significantly improved Total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) levels of the patients. The effect on these parameters being more pronounced in the group treated with the combination drug, when compared to that of Amlodipine treatment alone. The results indicated that both, Amlodipine monotherapy as well as Amlodipine/Enalapril combination affect the lipid profile. The observed overall higher protective effect of the combination as compared to that of Amlodipine monotherapy may improve the cardiovascular changes caused by hypertensive nephropathy.

Published in	American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Volume 4, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajcem.20160405.16
Page(s)	146-150
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Chronic Kidney Disease, Serum Lipid Profile, Hypertension, Amlodipine, Amlodipine/Enalapril Combination

References

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[2]	H. Khan, G. Murtaza, N. Akhtar, S. Khan, S. Azhar, B. Khan, F. Rasool and I. Hussain, “Comparison of the Effect of Calcium Channel Blockers and Non-selective Beta-Blockers on Blood Lipids in Hypertensive Patients”, Lat. Am. J. Pharm. 32 (6), pp 940-943, 2013.
[3]	R. Imanishi, S. Seto, G. Toda, et al. “High brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity is an independent predictor of the presence of coronary artery disease in men”, Hypertens Res, 27, pp 71-78, 2004.
[4]	P. Rajendran, T. Rengarajan, J. Thangavel, Y. Nishigaki, D. Sakthisekaran, G. Sethi, I. Nishigaki, “The Vascular Endothelium and Human Diseases”, International Journal of Biological Sciences, 9(10), 1057-1069, 2013.
[5]	B. Neal, S. MacMahon and N. Chapman, “Effects of ACE inhibitors, calcium antagonists, and other blood pressure-lowering drugs: results of prospectively designed overviews of randomized trials. Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration”, Lancet, 356, pp 1955-1964, 2000.
[6]	M. Kurata, T. Okura, S. Watanabe, J. Irita, D. Enomoto, M. Johtoku, K. Miyoshi, M. Koresawa, T. Fukuoka and J. Higaki, “Effects of Amlodipine and Candesartan on Arterial Stiffness Estimated by Cardia-Ankle Vascular Index in Patients with Essential Hypertension: A 24-Week Study”, Current Therapeutic Research, 69 (5), pp 412-422, 2008.
[7]	F. Alhamdani, “Possible beneficial effects of Amlodipine, Lisinopril, and their Combination on lipid profile in hypertensive patients”, Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 33(2), pp 126-137, 2009.
[8]	N. Poulter, H. Wedel, B. Dahlöf, P. Sever, D. Beevers, M. Caulfield et al., “ASCOT Investigators. Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA): a multicenter randomised controlled trial”, Lancet, 366, pp 895-906, 2005.
[9]	R. P. Byington, C.D. Furberg, D. B. Hunninghake et al., “Effect of Amlodipine on the progression of atherosclerosis and the occurrence of clinical events. Prevent Investigators”, Circulation, 102, pp 503-510, 2000.
[10]	R. H. Hernandez, M. J. Armas-Hernandez, M. Velasco et al., “Calcium antagonists and atherosclerosis protection in hypertension”, American Journal of Therapeutics, 10(6), pp 409-414, 2003.
[11]	J. E. Ahaneku, K. Sakata, T. Urano et al., “Lipids, Lipoproteins and Fibrinolytic Parameters during Amlodipine Treatment of Hypertension”, Journal of Health Science, 46(6), pp 455-458, 2000.
[12]	V. j. Dzau, K. Bernstein, D. Celermajer et al., “The relevance of tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme: manifestations in mechanistic and endpoint data”, American Journal of Cardiology, 88(9), pp 1L-20L, 2001.
[13]	C. Ceconi, G. Francolini, A. Olivares et al., “Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have different selectivity for bradykinin binding sites of human somatic ACE”, European Journal of Pharmacology, 577, pp 1-6, 2007.
[14]	T. Morishita, M. Tsutsui, H. Shimokawa et al., “Long-term treatment with perindopril ameliorates dobutamine-induced myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease”, Japanese Journal of Pharmacology, 88(1), pp 100-107, 2002.
[15]	S. Dharwadkar and T.V. Chimne, “Comparative Effects of Enalapril and Amlodipine on the levels of Serum Angiotensin Converting Enzyme and Lipid Profile in Patients with Hypertension”, International Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience, 1(4), pp 444-450, 2011.
[16]	G. Iyalomhe, E. Omogbai, A. Isah et al., “ A Comparison of the Effects of Amlodipine and Hydrochlorothiazide Monotherapy on Lipid Metabolism in Hypertensive Nigerians with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus”, Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism, 3 (10), pp 1-6, 2012.
[17]	S. S. Pratibha, and C. K. Chitra “Effects of Calcium Channel Blockers on Different Biochemical Parameters in Essential Hypertensive Patients”, National Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 2(4), pp 353-356, 2012.
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[19]	I. Shaifali, A. K. Kapoor and H. K. Singh, “A Comparative Evaluation of Losartan/Hydrochlorothiazide (Fixed Combination) versus Amlodipine Monotherapy on Left Ventricular Hypertrophy, Biochemical Parameters and Adverse Effects in Patients of Hypertension”, Indian Journal of Clinical Practice, 24 (9), pp 823-829, 2014.
[20]	M. Kaur, K. Kaur, GK. Bedi, GS. Sidhu and R. Sikand, “Effect of Felodipine on the Serum Lipid Profile of Patients with Hypertension”, Indian Journal of Chemical Biochemistry, 15(2), pp 63-67, 2000.

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APA Style

Hidaya Sobhi Saker, Amin Tawfeeq Hamed, Amal Fares Jamee, Mahmoud Jalal Wadi. (2016). Effect of Amlodipine Alone and in Combination with Enalapril on Lipid Profile in Hypertensive Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (Gaza Strip). American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 4(5), 146-150. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20160405.16

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ACS Style

Hidaya Sobhi Saker; Amin Tawfeeq Hamed; Amal Fares Jamee; Mahmoud Jalal Wadi. Effect of Amlodipine Alone and in Combination with Enalapril on Lipid Profile in Hypertensive Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (Gaza Strip). Am. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 2016, 4(5), 146-150. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20160405.16

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AMA Style

Hidaya Sobhi Saker, Amin Tawfeeq Hamed, Amal Fares Jamee, Mahmoud Jalal Wadi. Effect of Amlodipine Alone and in Combination with Enalapril on Lipid Profile in Hypertensive Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (Gaza Strip). Am J Clin Exp Med. 2016;4(5):146-150. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20160405.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ajcem.20160405.16,
  author = {Hidaya Sobhi Saker and Amin Tawfeeq Hamed and Amal Fares Jamee and Mahmoud Jalal Wadi},
  title = {Effect of Amlodipine Alone and in Combination with Enalapril on Lipid Profile in Hypertensive Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (Gaza Strip)},
  journal = {American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine},
  volume = {4},
  number = {5},
  pages = {146-150},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajcem.20160405.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20160405.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajcem.20160405.16},
  abstract = {Hypertension with dyslipidemia is becoming a common morbidity and hyperlipidemia is considered as an independent risk factor in development of cardiovascular diseases [1]. To evaluate the effects of Amlodipine (Calcium channel blocker) alone and in combination with Enalapril (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitor) on serum lipid profile in hypertensive patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), fifty hypertensive patients with CKD were divided equally into Amlodipine (5-10mg/day) treated group and Amlodipine/Enalapril combination (5-10mg/day, 10-20mg/day) treated group. Serum lipid profile were determined before and after 2, 4 and 6 months of treatment in both groups. A significant decrease in the levels of serum lipid profile in the hypertensive patients with CKD resulted with Amlodipine therapy alone and in combination with Enalapril. In both treated groups, the used drugs significantly improved Total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) levels of the patients. The effect on these parameters being more pronounced in the group treated with the combination drug, when compared to that of Amlodipine treatment alone. The results indicated that both, Amlodipine monotherapy as well as Amlodipine/Enalapril combination affect the lipid profile. The observed overall higher protective effect of the combination as compared to that of Amlodipine monotherapy may improve the cardiovascular changes caused by hypertensive nephropathy.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Amlodipine Alone and in Combination with Enalapril on Lipid Profile in Hypertensive Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (Gaza Strip)
AU  - Hidaya Sobhi Saker
AU  - Amin Tawfeeq Hamed
AU  - Amal Fares Jamee
AU  - Mahmoud Jalal Wadi
Y1  - 2016/10/11
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20160405.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajcem.20160405.16
T2  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
SP  - 146
EP  - 150
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8133
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20160405.16
AB  - Hypertension with dyslipidemia is becoming a common morbidity and hyperlipidemia is considered as an independent risk factor in development of cardiovascular diseases [1]. To evaluate the effects of Amlodipine (Calcium channel blocker) alone and in combination with Enalapril (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitor) on serum lipid profile in hypertensive patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), fifty hypertensive patients with CKD were divided equally into Amlodipine (5-10mg/day) treated group and Amlodipine/Enalapril combination (5-10mg/day, 10-20mg/day) treated group. Serum lipid profile were determined before and after 2, 4 and 6 months of treatment in both groups. A significant decrease in the levels of serum lipid profile in the hypertensive patients with CKD resulted with Amlodipine therapy alone and in combination with Enalapril. In both treated groups, the used drugs significantly improved Total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) levels of the patients. The effect on these parameters being more pronounced in the group treated with the combination drug, when compared to that of Amlodipine treatment alone. The results indicated that both, Amlodipine monotherapy as well as Amlodipine/Enalapril combination affect the lipid profile. The observed overall higher protective effect of the combination as compared to that of Amlodipine monotherapy may improve the cardiovascular changes caused by hypertensive nephropathy.
VL  - 4
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Hidaya Sobhi Saker

General Administration of Pharmacy, Ministry of Health, Gaza, Palestine
Amin Tawfeeq Hamed

Collage of pharmacy, Alazhar University, Gaza, Palestine
Amal Fares Jamee

Al Shifa Hospital, Cardiology Department, Ministry of Health, Gaza, Palestine.
Mahmoud Jalal Wadi

Nasser Medical Complex, Kidney and Dialysis Department, Ministry of Health, Gaza, Palestine

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Hidaya Sobhi Saker, Amin Tawfeeq Hamed, Amal Fares Jamee, Mahmoud Jalal Wadi. (2016). Effect of Amlodipine Alone and in Combination with Enalapril on Lipid Profile in Hypertensive Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (Gaza Strip). American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 4(5), 146-150. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20160405.16

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Hidaya Sobhi Saker; Amin Tawfeeq Hamed; Amal Fares Jamee; Mahmoud Jalal Wadi. Effect of Amlodipine Alone and in Combination with Enalapril on Lipid Profile in Hypertensive Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (Gaza Strip). Am. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 2016, 4(5), 146-150. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20160405.16

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AMA Style

Hidaya Sobhi Saker, Amin Tawfeeq Hamed, Amal Fares Jamee, Mahmoud Jalal Wadi. Effect of Amlodipine Alone and in Combination with Enalapril on Lipid Profile in Hypertensive Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (Gaza Strip). Am J Clin Exp Med. 2016;4(5):146-150. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20160405.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ajcem.20160405.16,
  author = {Hidaya Sobhi Saker and Amin Tawfeeq Hamed and Amal Fares Jamee and Mahmoud Jalal Wadi},
  title = {Effect of Amlodipine Alone and in Combination with Enalapril on Lipid Profile in Hypertensive Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (Gaza Strip)},
  journal = {American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine},
  volume = {4},
  number = {5},
  pages = {146-150},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajcem.20160405.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20160405.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajcem.20160405.16},
  abstract = {Hypertension with dyslipidemia is becoming a common morbidity and hyperlipidemia is considered as an independent risk factor in development of cardiovascular diseases [1]. To evaluate the effects of Amlodipine (Calcium channel blocker) alone and in combination with Enalapril (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitor) on serum lipid profile in hypertensive patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), fifty hypertensive patients with CKD were divided equally into Amlodipine (5-10mg/day) treated group and Amlodipine/Enalapril combination (5-10mg/day, 10-20mg/day) treated group. Serum lipid profile were determined before and after 2, 4 and 6 months of treatment in both groups. A significant decrease in the levels of serum lipid profile in the hypertensive patients with CKD resulted with Amlodipine therapy alone and in combination with Enalapril. In both treated groups, the used drugs significantly improved Total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) levels of the patients. The effect on these parameters being more pronounced in the group treated with the combination drug, when compared to that of Amlodipine treatment alone. The results indicated that both, Amlodipine monotherapy as well as Amlodipine/Enalapril combination affect the lipid profile. The observed overall higher protective effect of the combination as compared to that of Amlodipine monotherapy may improve the cardiovascular changes caused by hypertensive nephropathy.},
 year = {2016}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Amlodipine Alone and in Combination with Enalapril on Lipid Profile in Hypertensive Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (Gaza Strip)
AU  - Hidaya Sobhi Saker
AU  - Amin Tawfeeq Hamed
AU  - Amal Fares Jamee
AU  - Mahmoud Jalal Wadi
Y1  - 2016/10/11
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20160405.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajcem.20160405.16
T2  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
SP  - 146
EP  - 150
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8133
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20160405.16
AB  - Hypertension with dyslipidemia is becoming a common morbidity and hyperlipidemia is considered as an independent risk factor in development of cardiovascular diseases [1]. To evaluate the effects of Amlodipine (Calcium channel blocker) alone and in combination with Enalapril (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitor) on serum lipid profile in hypertensive patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), fifty hypertensive patients with CKD were divided equally into Amlodipine (5-10mg/day) treated group and Amlodipine/Enalapril combination (5-10mg/day, 10-20mg/day) treated group. Serum lipid profile were determined before and after 2, 4 and 6 months of treatment in both groups. A significant decrease in the levels of serum lipid profile in the hypertensive patients with CKD resulted with Amlodipine therapy alone and in combination with Enalapril. In both treated groups, the used drugs significantly improved Total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) levels of the patients. The effect on these parameters being more pronounced in the group treated with the combination drug, when compared to that of Amlodipine treatment alone. The results indicated that both, Amlodipine monotherapy as well as Amlodipine/Enalapril combination affect the lipid profile. The observed overall higher protective effect of the combination as compared to that of Amlodipine monotherapy may improve the cardiovascular changes caused by hypertensive nephropathy.
VL  - 4
IS  - 5
ER  -

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