| Peer-Reviewed

Biochemical Differentiation and Molecular Characterization of Biofield Treated Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Received: 8 October 2015     Accepted: 19 October 2015     Published: 14 November 2015
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

The recent emergence of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) is a pandemic. For the safety concern of seafood, consumer monitoring of this organism in seafood is very much essential. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on [ATCC-17802] strain of V. parahaemolyticus for its biochemical characteristics, biotype and 16S rDNA analysis. The lyophilized strain of V. parahaemolyticus was divided into two parts, Group (Gr.) I: control and Gr. II: treated. Gr. II was further subdivided into two parts, Gr. IIA and Gr. IIB. Gr. IIA was analyzed on day 10, whereas, Gr. IIB was stored and analyzed on day 142 (Study I). After retreatment of Gr. IIB on day 142 (Study II), the sample was divided into three separate tubes. The tubes first, second and third were analyzed on day 5, 10, and 15, respectively. The biochemical reaction and biotyping were performed using automated MicroScan Walk-Away® system. The 16S rDNA sequencing was carried out to correlate the phylogenetic relationship of V. parahaemolyticus with other bacterial species after the treatment. The results of biochemical reactions were altered 24.24%, out of thirty-three in the treated groups with respect to the control. Moreover, negative (-) reaction of urea was changed to positive (+) in the revived treated Gr. IIB, Study II on day 15 as compared to the control. Besides, biotype number was substantially changed in all the treated groups as compared to the control. However, change in organisms were reported in Gr. IIA on day 10 and in Gr. IIB; Study II on day 5 as Shewanella putrefaciens and Moraxella/Psychrobacter spp., respectively with respect to the control i.e. Vibrio sp. SF. 16S rDNA analysis showed that the identified sample in this experiment was V. parahaemolyticus after biofield treatment, and the nearest homolog genus-species was observed as Vibrio natriegens with 98% gene identity. The results envisaged that the biofield energy treatment showed an alteration in biochemical reaction pattern and biotype number on the strain of V. parahaemolyticus.

Published in American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Volume 3, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajcem.20150305.21
Page(s) 260-267
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Biofield Energy Treatment, Biochemical Reaction, Biotype, 16S rDNA Analysis

References
[1] Pereira CS, Viana CM, Rodrigues DP (2004) Vibrio parahaemolyticus urease positive isolated from in natura oysters (Crassostrea rizophorae) collected at restaurants and mussels (Perna perna) harvested from natural habitat. Ciencia e Tecnologia de Alimentos 24: 591-595.
[2] Su YC, Liu C (2007) Vibrio parahaemolyticus: A concern of seafood safety. Food Microbiol 24: 549-558.
[3] DePaola A, Nordstrom JL, Bowers JC, Wells JG, Cook DW (2003) Seasonal abundance of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Alabama oysters. Appl Environ Microbiol 69: 1521-1526.
[4] Daniels NA, Ray B, Easton A, Marano N, Kahn E, et al. (2000) Emergence of a new Vibrio parahaemolyticus serotype in raw oysters: A prevention quandary. JAMA 284: 1541-1545.
[5] Zulkifli Y, Alitheen NB, Son R, Yeap SK, Lesley MB, et al. (2009) Identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates by PCR targeted to the toxR gene and detection of virulence genes. Int Food Res J 16: 289-296.
[6] Qadri F, Chowdhury NR, Takeda Y, Nair GB (2005) Oceans and health: Pathogens in the marine environment. Springer Science, Business Media, Inc. New York.
[7] Khouadja S, Lamari F, Bakhrouf A (2013) Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from farmed sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) during disease outbreaks. Int Aquac Res 5: 13.
[8] Rojas MV, Matte MH, Dropa M, Silva ML, Matte GR (2011) Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from oysters and mussels in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 53: 201-205.
[9] Lee C, Pan SF (1993) Rapid and specific detection of the thermostable direct haemolysin gene in Vibrio parahaemolyticus by the polymerase chain reaction. J Gen Microbiol 139: 3225-3231.
[10] Bej AK, Patterson DP, Brasher CW, Vickery MCL, Jones DD, et al. (1999) Detection of total and hemolysin-producing Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shellfish using multiplex PCR amplification of tlh, tdh and trh. J Microbiol Methods 36: 215-225.
[11] Nishibuchi M, Kaper JB (1995) Thermostable direct hemolysin gene of Vibrio parahaemolyticus: A virulence gene acquired by a marine bacterium. Infect Immun 63: 2093-2099.
[12] Okuda J, Ishibashi M, Abbott SL, Janda JM, Nishibuchi M (1997) Analysis of the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) gene and the tdh-related hemolysin (trh) genes in urease-positive strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated on the west coast of the United States. J Clin Microbiol 35: 1965-1971.
[13] Mc Ginnes JE, Corry P, Proctor P (1974) Amorphous semiconductor switching in melanins. Science 183: 853-855.
[14] Adamski AG (2011) Bioplasma concept of consciousness. NeuroQuantology 9: 681-691.
[15] Planck M (1903) Treatise on thermodynamics. (3rdedn), English translated by Alexander OGG, Longmans, Green, London (UK).
[16] Einstein A (1905) Does the inertia of a body depend upon its energy-content? Ann Phys 18: 639-641.
[17] Koithan M (2009) Introducing complementary and alternative therapies. J Nurse Pract 5: 18-20.
[18] Trivedi MK, Nayak G, Patil S, Tallapragada RM, Latiyal O (2015) Studies of the atomic and crystalline characteristics of ceramic oxide nano powders after bio field treatment. Ind Eng Manage 4: 161.
[19] Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Bairwa K, Jana S (2015) Phenotypic and biotypic characterization of Klebsiella oxytoca: An impact of biofield treatment. J Microb Biochem Technol 7: 203-206.
[20] Patil SA, Nayak GB, Barve SS, Tembe RP, Khan RR (2012) Impact of biofield treatment on growth and anatomical characteristics of Pogostemon cablin (Benth.). Biotechnology 11: 154-162.
[21] Nayak G, Altekar N (2015) Effect of biofield treatment on plant growth and adaptation. J Environ Health Sci 1: 1-9.
[22] Fader RC, Weaver E, Fossett R, Toyras M, Vanderlaan J, et al. (2013) Multilaboratory study of the biomic automated well-reading instrument versus MicroScan WalkAway for reading MicroScan antimicrobial susceptibility and identification panels. J Clin Microbiol 51: 1548-1554.
[23] Kim YB, Okuda J, Matsumoto C, Takahashi N, Hashimoto S, et al. (1999) Identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains at the species level by PCR targeted to the toxR gene. J Clin Microbiol 37: 1173-1177.
[24] Kumar S, Tamura K, Nei M (2004) MEGA3: Integrated software for molecular evolutionary genetics analysis and sequence alignment. Brief Bioinform 5: 150-163.
[25] Drancourt M, Bollet C, Carlioz A, Martelin R, Gayral JP, et al. (2000) 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis of a large collection of environmental and clinical unidentifiable bacterial isolates. J Clin Microbiol 38: 3623-3630.
[26] Vandamme P, Pot B, Gillis M, De Vos P, Kersters K, et al. (1996) Polyphasic taxonomy, a consensus approach to bacterial systematics. Microbiol Rev 60: 407-438.
[27] Karunasagar I, Sugumar G, Karunasagar I, Reilly PJA (1996) Rapid polymerase chain reaction method for detection of kanagawa positive Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafoods. Int J Food Microbiol 31: 317-323.
[28] Hervio-Heath D, Colwell RR, Derrien A, Robert-Pillot A, Fournier JM, et al. (2002) Occurrence of pathogenic Vibrios in coastal areas of France. J Appl Microbiol 92: 1123-1135.
[29] Robert-Pillot A, Guenole A, Lesne J, Delesmont R, Fournier JM, et al. (2004) Occurrence of the tdh and trh genes in Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from waters and raw shellfish collected in two French coastal areas and from seafood imported into France. Int J Food Microbiol 91: 319-325.
[30] Hara-Kudo Y, Sugiyama K, Nishibuchi M, Chowdhury A, Jun Yatsuyanagi J, et al. (2003) Prevalence of pandemic thermostable direct haemolysin-producing Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 in seafood and the coastal environment in Japan. Appl Environ Microbiol 69: 3883-3891.
[31] Sechi LA, Dupre I, Deriu A, Fadda G, Zanetti S (2000) Distribution of Vibrio cholerae virulence genes among different Vibrio species isolated in Sardinia, Italy. J Appl Microbiol 88: 475-481.
[32] Wong HC, Chen MC, Liu SH, Liu DP (1999) Incidence of highly genetically diversified Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood imported from Asian countries. Int J Food Microbiol 52: 181-188.
[33] Ronald GL, Santos G (2001) Guide to foodborne pathogens. (2ndedn), New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
[34] Lindstrom E, Mild KH, Lundgren E (1998) Analysis of the T cell activation signaling pathway during ELF magnetic field exposure, p56lck and [Ca2+]i-measurements. Bioeletrochem Bioenerg 46: 129-137.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Sambhu Charan Mondal, et al. (2015). Biochemical Differentiation and Molecular Characterization of Biofield Treated Vibrio parahaemolyticus. American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 3(5), 260-267. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20150305.21

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Mahendra Kumar Trivedi; Alice Branton; Dahryn Trivedi; Gopal Nayak; Sambhu Charan Mondal, et al. Biochemical Differentiation and Molecular Characterization of Biofield Treated Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Am. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 2015, 3(5), 260-267. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20150305.21

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Sambhu Charan Mondal, et al. Biochemical Differentiation and Molecular Characterization of Biofield Treated Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Am J Clin Exp Med. 2015;3(5):260-267. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20150305.21

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajcem.20150305.21,
      author = {Mahendra Kumar Trivedi and Alice Branton and Dahryn Trivedi and Gopal Nayak and Sambhu Charan Mondal and Snehasis Jana},
      title = {Biochemical Differentiation and Molecular Characterization of Biofield Treated Vibrio parahaemolyticus},
      journal = {American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine},
      volume = {3},
      number = {5},
      pages = {260-267},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajcem.20150305.21},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20150305.21},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajcem.20150305.21},
      abstract = {The recent emergence of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) is a pandemic. For the safety concern of seafood, consumer monitoring of this organism in seafood is very much essential. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on [ATCC-17802] strain of V. parahaemolyticus for its biochemical characteristics, biotype and 16S rDNA analysis. The lyophilized strain of V. parahaemolyticus was divided into two parts, Group (Gr.) I: control and Gr. II: treated. Gr. II was further subdivided into two parts, Gr. IIA and Gr. IIB. Gr. IIA was analyzed on day 10, whereas, Gr. IIB was stored and analyzed on day 142 (Study I). After retreatment of Gr. IIB on day 142 (Study II), the sample was divided into three separate tubes. The tubes first, second and third were analyzed on day 5, 10, and 15, respectively. The biochemical reaction and biotyping were performed using automated MicroScan Walk-Away® system. The 16S rDNA sequencing was carried out to correlate the phylogenetic relationship of V. parahaemolyticus with other bacterial species after the treatment. The results of biochemical reactions were altered 24.24%, out of thirty-three in the treated groups with respect to the control. Moreover, negative (-) reaction of urea was changed to positive (+) in the revived treated Gr. IIB, Study II on day 15 as compared to the control. Besides, biotype number was substantially changed in all the treated groups as compared to the control. However, change in organisms were reported in Gr. IIA on day 10 and in Gr. IIB; Study II on day 5 as Shewanella putrefaciens and Moraxella/Psychrobacter spp., respectively with respect to the control i.e. Vibrio sp. SF. 16S rDNA analysis showed that the identified sample in this experiment was V. parahaemolyticus after biofield treatment, and the nearest homolog genus-species was observed as Vibrio natriegens with 98% gene identity. The results envisaged that the biofield energy treatment showed an alteration in biochemical reaction pattern and biotype number on the strain of V. parahaemolyticus.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Biochemical Differentiation and Molecular Characterization of Biofield Treated Vibrio parahaemolyticus
    AU  - Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
    AU  - Alice Branton
    AU  - Dahryn Trivedi
    AU  - Gopal Nayak
    AU  - Sambhu Charan Mondal
    AU  - Snehasis Jana
    Y1  - 2015/11/14
    PY  - 2015
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20150305.21
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajcem.20150305.21
    T2  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
    JF  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
    JO  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
    SP  - 260
    EP  - 267
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8133
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20150305.21
    AB  - The recent emergence of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) is a pandemic. For the safety concern of seafood, consumer monitoring of this organism in seafood is very much essential. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on [ATCC-17802] strain of V. parahaemolyticus for its biochemical characteristics, biotype and 16S rDNA analysis. The lyophilized strain of V. parahaemolyticus was divided into two parts, Group (Gr.) I: control and Gr. II: treated. Gr. II was further subdivided into two parts, Gr. IIA and Gr. IIB. Gr. IIA was analyzed on day 10, whereas, Gr. IIB was stored and analyzed on day 142 (Study I). After retreatment of Gr. IIB on day 142 (Study II), the sample was divided into three separate tubes. The tubes first, second and third were analyzed on day 5, 10, and 15, respectively. The biochemical reaction and biotyping were performed using automated MicroScan Walk-Away® system. The 16S rDNA sequencing was carried out to correlate the phylogenetic relationship of V. parahaemolyticus with other bacterial species after the treatment. The results of biochemical reactions were altered 24.24%, out of thirty-three in the treated groups with respect to the control. Moreover, negative (-) reaction of urea was changed to positive (+) in the revived treated Gr. IIB, Study II on day 15 as compared to the control. Besides, biotype number was substantially changed in all the treated groups as compared to the control. However, change in organisms were reported in Gr. IIA on day 10 and in Gr. IIB; Study II on day 5 as Shewanella putrefaciens and Moraxella/Psychrobacter spp., respectively with respect to the control i.e. Vibrio sp. SF. 16S rDNA analysis showed that the identified sample in this experiment was V. parahaemolyticus after biofield treatment, and the nearest homolog genus-species was observed as Vibrio natriegens with 98% gene identity. The results envisaged that the biofield energy treatment showed an alteration in biochemical reaction pattern and biotype number on the strain of V. parahaemolyticus.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Trivedi Global Inc., Henderson, USA

  • Trivedi Global Inc., Henderson, USA

  • Trivedi Global Inc., Henderson, USA

  • Trivedi Global Inc., Henderson, USA

  • Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

  • Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

  • Sections