Electrochemical Behavior of Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin onto Carbon-Clay Paste Electrode Doped with Titanium Oxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>)

Bakary Tigana Djonse Justin; Hambate Gomdje Valery; Zang Akono Adam Ramses; Niraka Blaise; Djomou Paul Nestor; Abdelilah Chtaini

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14

Electrochemical Behavior of Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin onto Carbon-Clay Paste Electrode Doped with Titanium Oxide (TiO₂)

Bakary Tigana Djonse Justin, Hambate Gomdje Valery, Zang Akono Adam Ramses, Niraka Blaise, Djomou Paul Nestor, Abdelilah Chtaini

Published in American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering (Volume 6, Issue 1)

Received: 3 May 2022 Accepted: 18 May 2022 Published: 26 May 2022

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Abstract

The aim of this work is to prepare and characterize a carbon-clay paste electrode doped with Titanium Oxide (CPEA/TiO₂). This electrode is used to study the electrochemical behavior of drugs such as Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin. The morphological, structural and functional characteristics of this electrode were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourrier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The electrochemical characterization was made by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) in the potential range [-0.1V; 0.9V], in a phosphate buffer solution (0.1M; pH = 6.4); focused on the detection of an inorganic complex (ion [Fe(CN)₆]^3- (1mM)). The application was made focused on the detection of organic macromolecules such as azithromycin (AZI), chloroquin (CHL) and hydroxychloroquin (HYC). CPEA/TiO₂ was then subjected to electroanalysis in the same concentrations of the combinations AZI+CHL and AZI+HYC. However, in the presence of analyte the phenomena are irreversible with a dominance of oxidation phenomena. The electroactivity of the drugs used initially concerns the hydroxyl groups, observed around 0.050V (oxidation potential of the hydroxyl function in an intermediate form) and 0.560V (oxidation potential of the intermediate and in the carbonyl group). Secondly, the electro activity of the tertiary amine is highlighted by the potential value of 0.690V (attributable to the oxidation of the tertiary amine into an ammonium hydroxyl derivative). Current densities are more pronounced, which suggests a new molecule with significant electro activity. The oxidation mechanism is proposed. The electroactivity of the excipients (Lactose and Starch) used in these drugs is not negligible and evolves when going from one drug to two. However, the excipients are less noticeable in the AZI+HYC combination than in AZI+CHL.

Published in	American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering (Volume 6, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14
Page(s)	27-35
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Carbon-Clay Paste Electrode, Chloroquin, Azithromycin, Hydroxychloroquin, Excipients

References

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Bakary Tigana Djonse Justin, Hambate Gomdje Valery, Zang Akono Adam Ramses, Niraka Blaise, Djomou Paul Nestor, et al. (2022). Electrochemical Behavior of Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin onto Carbon-Clay Paste Electrode Doped with Titanium Oxide (TiO2). American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, 6(1), 27-35. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14

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ACS Style

Bakary Tigana Djonse Justin; Hambate Gomdje Valery; Zang Akono Adam Ramses; Niraka Blaise; Djomou Paul Nestor, et al. Electrochemical Behavior of Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin onto Carbon-Clay Paste Electrode Doped with Titanium Oxide (TiO2). Am. J. Chem. Biochem. Eng. 2022, 6(1), 27-35. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14

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AMA Style

Bakary Tigana Djonse Justin, Hambate Gomdje Valery, Zang Akono Adam Ramses, Niraka Blaise, Djomou Paul Nestor, et al. Electrochemical Behavior of Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin onto Carbon-Clay Paste Electrode Doped with Titanium Oxide (TiO2). Am J Chem Biochem Eng. 2022;6(1):27-35. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14,
  author = {Bakary Tigana Djonse Justin and Hambate Gomdje Valery and Zang Akono Adam Ramses and Niraka Blaise and Djomou Paul Nestor and Abdelilah Chtaini},
  title = {Electrochemical Behavior of Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin onto Carbon-Clay Paste Electrode Doped with Titanium Oxide (TiO2)},
  journal = {American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27-35},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajcbe.20220601.14},
  abstract = {The aim of this work is to prepare and characterize a carbon-clay paste electrode doped with Titanium Oxide (CPEA/TiO2). This electrode is used to study the electrochemical behavior of drugs such as Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin. The morphological, structural and functional characteristics of this electrode were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourrier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The electrochemical characterization was made by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) in the potential range [-0.1V; 0.9V], in a phosphate buffer solution (0.1M; pH = 6.4); focused on the detection of an inorganic complex (ion [Fe(CN)6]3- (1mM)). The application was made focused on the detection of organic macromolecules such as azithromycin (AZI), chloroquin (CHL) and hydroxychloroquin (HYC). CPEA/TiO2 was then subjected to electroanalysis in the same concentrations of the combinations AZI+CHL and AZI+HYC. However, in the presence of analyte the phenomena are irreversible with a dominance of oxidation phenomena. The electroactivity of the drugs used initially concerns the hydroxyl groups, observed around 0.050V (oxidation potential of the hydroxyl function in an intermediate form) and 0.560V (oxidation potential of the intermediate and in the carbonyl group). Secondly, the electro activity of the tertiary amine is highlighted by the potential value of 0.690V (attributable to the oxidation of the tertiary amine into an ammonium hydroxyl derivative). Current densities are more pronounced, which suggests a new molecule with significant electro activity. The oxidation mechanism is proposed. The electroactivity of the excipients (Lactose and Starch) used in these drugs is not negligible and evolves when going from one drug to two. However, the excipients are less noticeable in the AZI+HYC combination than in AZI+CHL.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Electrochemical Behavior of Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin onto Carbon-Clay Paste Electrode Doped with Titanium Oxide (TiO2)
AU  - Bakary Tigana Djonse Justin
AU  - Hambate Gomdje Valery
AU  - Zang Akono Adam Ramses
AU  - Niraka Blaise
AU  - Djomou Paul Nestor
AU  - Abdelilah Chtaini
Y1  - 2022/05/26
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14
T2  - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
SP  - 27
EP  - 35
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2639-9989
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14
AB  - The aim of this work is to prepare and characterize a carbon-clay paste electrode doped with Titanium Oxide (CPEA/TiO2). This electrode is used to study the electrochemical behavior of drugs such as Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin. The morphological, structural and functional characteristics of this electrode were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourrier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The electrochemical characterization was made by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) in the potential range [-0.1V; 0.9V], in a phosphate buffer solution (0.1M; pH = 6.4); focused on the detection of an inorganic complex (ion [Fe(CN)6]3- (1mM)). The application was made focused on the detection of organic macromolecules such as azithromycin (AZI), chloroquin (CHL) and hydroxychloroquin (HYC). CPEA/TiO2 was then subjected to electroanalysis in the same concentrations of the combinations AZI+CHL and AZI+HYC. However, in the presence of analyte the phenomena are irreversible with a dominance of oxidation phenomena. The electroactivity of the drugs used initially concerns the hydroxyl groups, observed around 0.050V (oxidation potential of the hydroxyl function in an intermediate form) and 0.560V (oxidation potential of the intermediate and in the carbonyl group). Secondly, the electro activity of the tertiary amine is highlighted by the potential value of 0.690V (attributable to the oxidation of the tertiary amine into an ammonium hydroxyl derivative). Current densities are more pronounced, which suggests a new molecule with significant electro activity. The oxidation mechanism is proposed. The electroactivity of the excipients (Lactose and Starch) used in these drugs is not negligible and evolves when going from one drug to two. However, the excipients are less noticeable in the AZI+HYC combination than in AZI+CHL.
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Bakary Tigana Djonse Justin

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
Hambate Gomdje Valery

Department of Textile and Leather Engineering, National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
Zang Akono Adam Ramses

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
Niraka Blaise

Department of Textile and Leather Engineering, National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
Djomou Paul Nestor

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
Abdelilah Chtaini

Team of Molecular Electrochemistry and Inorganic Materials, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni-Mellal, Morocco

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APA Style

Bakary Tigana Djonse Justin, Hambate Gomdje Valery, Zang Akono Adam Ramses, Niraka Blaise, Djomou Paul Nestor, et al. (2022). Electrochemical Behavior of Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin onto Carbon-Clay Paste Electrode Doped with Titanium Oxide (TiO2). American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, 6(1), 27-35. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14

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ACS Style

Bakary Tigana Djonse Justin; Hambate Gomdje Valery; Zang Akono Adam Ramses; Niraka Blaise; Djomou Paul Nestor, et al. Electrochemical Behavior of Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin onto Carbon-Clay Paste Electrode Doped with Titanium Oxide (TiO2). Am. J. Chem. Biochem. Eng. 2022, 6(1), 27-35. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14

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AMA Style

Bakary Tigana Djonse Justin, Hambate Gomdje Valery, Zang Akono Adam Ramses, Niraka Blaise, Djomou Paul Nestor, et al. Electrochemical Behavior of Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin onto Carbon-Clay Paste Electrode Doped with Titanium Oxide (TiO2). Am J Chem Biochem Eng. 2022;6(1):27-35. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14,
  author = {Bakary Tigana Djonse Justin and Hambate Gomdje Valery and Zang Akono Adam Ramses and Niraka Blaise and Djomou Paul Nestor and Abdelilah Chtaini},
  title = {Electrochemical Behavior of Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin onto Carbon-Clay Paste Electrode Doped with Titanium Oxide (TiO2)},
  journal = {American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27-35},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajcbe.20220601.14},
  abstract = {The aim of this work is to prepare and characterize a carbon-clay paste electrode doped with Titanium Oxide (CPEA/TiO2). This electrode is used to study the electrochemical behavior of drugs such as Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin. The morphological, structural and functional characteristics of this electrode were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourrier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The electrochemical characterization was made by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) in the potential range [-0.1V; 0.9V], in a phosphate buffer solution (0.1M; pH = 6.4); focused on the detection of an inorganic complex (ion [Fe(CN)6]3- (1mM)). The application was made focused on the detection of organic macromolecules such as azithromycin (AZI), chloroquin (CHL) and hydroxychloroquin (HYC). CPEA/TiO2 was then subjected to electroanalysis in the same concentrations of the combinations AZI+CHL and AZI+HYC. However, in the presence of analyte the phenomena are irreversible with a dominance of oxidation phenomena. The electroactivity of the drugs used initially concerns the hydroxyl groups, observed around 0.050V (oxidation potential of the hydroxyl function in an intermediate form) and 0.560V (oxidation potential of the intermediate and in the carbonyl group). Secondly, the electro activity of the tertiary amine is highlighted by the potential value of 0.690V (attributable to the oxidation of the tertiary amine into an ammonium hydroxyl derivative). Current densities are more pronounced, which suggests a new molecule with significant electro activity. The oxidation mechanism is proposed. The electroactivity of the excipients (Lactose and Starch) used in these drugs is not negligible and evolves when going from one drug to two. However, the excipients are less noticeable in the AZI+HYC combination than in AZI+CHL.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Electrochemical Behavior of Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin onto Carbon-Clay Paste Electrode Doped with Titanium Oxide (TiO2)
AU  - Bakary Tigana Djonse Justin
AU  - Hambate Gomdje Valery
AU  - Zang Akono Adam Ramses
AU  - Niraka Blaise
AU  - Djomou Paul Nestor
AU  - Abdelilah Chtaini
Y1  - 2022/05/26
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14
T2  - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
SP  - 27
EP  - 35
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2639-9989
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14
AB  - The aim of this work is to prepare and characterize a carbon-clay paste electrode doped with Titanium Oxide (CPEA/TiO2). This electrode is used to study the electrochemical behavior of drugs such as Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin. The morphological, structural and functional characteristics of this electrode were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourrier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The electrochemical characterization was made by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) in the potential range [-0.1V; 0.9V], in a phosphate buffer solution (0.1M; pH = 6.4); focused on the detection of an inorganic complex (ion [Fe(CN)6]3- (1mM)). The application was made focused on the detection of organic macromolecules such as azithromycin (AZI), chloroquin (CHL) and hydroxychloroquin (HYC). CPEA/TiO2 was then subjected to electroanalysis in the same concentrations of the combinations AZI+CHL and AZI+HYC. However, in the presence of analyte the phenomena are irreversible with a dominance of oxidation phenomena. The electroactivity of the drugs used initially concerns the hydroxyl groups, observed around 0.050V (oxidation potential of the hydroxyl function in an intermediate form) and 0.560V (oxidation potential of the intermediate and in the carbonyl group). Secondly, the electro activity of the tertiary amine is highlighted by the potential value of 0.690V (attributable to the oxidation of the tertiary amine into an ammonium hydroxyl derivative). Current densities are more pronounced, which suggests a new molecule with significant electro activity. The oxidation mechanism is proposed. The electroactivity of the excipients (Lactose and Starch) used in these drugs is not negligible and evolves when going from one drug to two. However, the excipients are less noticeable in the AZI+HYC combination than in AZI+CHL.
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

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