Swelling and Mechanical Behaviour of Natural Rubber Vulcanisate Filled with Leather Wastes (Buffing Dust) and Its Modeling

Michael Ifeanyichukwu Ugbaja; Francis Ngozichi Onuoha; Uche Ibeneme; Maryann Ifeoma Uzochukwu; Henry Opara; Isaac Ndubuisi Mbada

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajasr.20160202.11

Swelling and Mechanical Behaviour of Natural Rubber Vulcanisate Filled with Leather Wastes (Buffing Dust) and Its Modeling

Michael Ifeanyichukwu Ugbaja, Francis Ngozichi Onuoha, Uche Ibeneme, Maryann Ifeoma Uzochukwu, Henry Opara, Isaac Ndubuisi Mbada

Published in American Journal of Applied Scientific Research (Volume 2, Issue 2)

Received: 1 April 2016 Accepted: 17 May 2016 Published: 4 August 2016

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Abstract

The swelling and mechanical behavior of untreated leather waste particles (buffing dust, BD) in natural rubber have been studied. Mechanical and swelling properties of the natural rubber (NR) composites containing the buffing dust have been discussed. The properties of the composites were found to increase with the increase in filler loading. Polymer composites based on leather wastes as fillers are reported to be useful for many applications such as in construction materials, automobile interior moldings, heat and sound insulating boards, shoe soles, flooring materials and moldings with good anti-static properties, air permeability, and good appearances.

Published in	American Journal of Applied Scientific Research (Volume 2, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajasr.20160202.11
Page(s)	6-11
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Leather Waste (Buffing Dust), Natural Rubber, Swelling, Mechanical, Polymer Composites, Modeling, Vulcanizate

References

[1]	Mark H. F. (2001) Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, Interscience, New York Vol. 12: 42
[2]	Okieimen, F. E. and Imanah, J. E. (2003); The Characterisation of Agricultural Waste Products as Fillers in NR Formulation, Nig. J. Polym.Sci. and Tech, Vol. 3, 1: 210-216.
[3]	Danneberg, E. M. (1981), Proceeding of International Rubber Conference, Loughborough.
[4]	Fleminert, G and Bueche, C. (1957); “Light Reinforcement Filler” A Paper presented before the Swedish institute of Rubber Technology.
[5]	Blow, C. and Hepburn, C. (1971); Rubber Technol and Manufacture, Butter Worth Publishers London, 3rd Ed. 188.
[6]	Parkinson, D. (1957); Reinforcement of Rubber, Lakeman and Co. London, 12.
[7]	Hepburn, C. (1984); Filler reinforcement of Rubber Plastic and Rubber international No. 9:11-15.
[8]	Morton, M. (1987); Rubber Technology, 3rdEdn. Van Nostrand, New York; 74.
[9]	Ravichandran, K. & Natchimuthu, N. (2005). Polimeros., Anna University, India, 15, 2.
[10]	ASTM 1510 (1983); American Society for Testing and Materials.
[11]	Nasir, M. and Choo, C.H. (1987) Euro. Polym J. 25,355.
[12]	Mehta, P.K. and Pitt, N. (1974) Rice by-Products conference Valencia, 76.
[13]	Rivin, D. (1963); RubbChem & Tech 36, 729.
[14]	Hepburn, C and Blow, C. M. (1971); Rubber Technology and Manufacture 3rd Edition, Butter Worth Publishing 188.
[15]	Wagner, M. P. (1976); Rubb. Chem. Tech. 49,704.
[16]	Kremen, S. S. and Lollar, R. M. (1951). J. Am. Leather Chem., Ass. 46: 34.

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Michael Ifeanyichukwu Ugbaja, Francis Ngozichi Onuoha, Uche Ibeneme, Maryann Ifeoma Uzochukwu, Henry Opara, et al. (2016). Swelling and Mechanical Behaviour of Natural Rubber Vulcanisate Filled with Leather Wastes (Buffing Dust) and Its Modeling. American Journal of Applied Scientific Research, 2(2), 6-11. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20160202.11

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ACS Style

Michael Ifeanyichukwu Ugbaja; Francis Ngozichi Onuoha; Uche Ibeneme; Maryann Ifeoma Uzochukwu; Henry Opara, et al. Swelling and Mechanical Behaviour of Natural Rubber Vulcanisate Filled with Leather Wastes (Buffing Dust) and Its Modeling. Am. J. Appl. Sci. Res. 2016, 2(2), 6-11. doi: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20160202.11

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AMA Style

Michael Ifeanyichukwu Ugbaja, Francis Ngozichi Onuoha, Uche Ibeneme, Maryann Ifeoma Uzochukwu, Henry Opara, et al. Swelling and Mechanical Behaviour of Natural Rubber Vulcanisate Filled with Leather Wastes (Buffing Dust) and Its Modeling. Am J Appl Sci Res. 2016;2(2):6-11. doi: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20160202.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajasr.20160202.11,
  author = {Michael Ifeanyichukwu Ugbaja and Francis Ngozichi Onuoha and Uche Ibeneme and Maryann Ifeoma Uzochukwu and Henry Opara and Isaac Ndubuisi Mbada},
  title = {Swelling and Mechanical Behaviour of Natural Rubber Vulcanisate Filled with Leather Wastes (Buffing Dust) and Its Modeling},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Scientific Research},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {6-11},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajasr.20160202.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20160202.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajasr.20160202.11},
  abstract = {The swelling and mechanical behavior of untreated leather waste particles (buffing dust, BD) in natural rubber have been studied. Mechanical and swelling properties of the natural rubber (NR) composites containing the buffing dust have been discussed. The properties of the composites were found to increase with the increase in filler loading. Polymer composites based on leather wastes as fillers are reported to be useful for many applications such as in construction materials, automobile interior moldings, heat and sound insulating boards, shoe soles, flooring materials and moldings with good anti-static properties, air permeability, and good appearances.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Swelling and Mechanical Behaviour of Natural Rubber Vulcanisate Filled with Leather Wastes (Buffing Dust) and Its Modeling
AU  - Michael Ifeanyichukwu Ugbaja
AU  - Francis Ngozichi Onuoha
AU  - Uche Ibeneme
AU  - Maryann Ifeoma Uzochukwu
AU  - Henry Opara
AU  - Isaac Ndubuisi Mbada
Y1  - 2016/08/04
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20160202.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajasr.20160202.11
T2  - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
JF  - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
JO  - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
SP  - 6
EP  - 11
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2471-9730
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20160202.11
AB  - The swelling and mechanical behavior of untreated leather waste particles (buffing dust, BD) in natural rubber have been studied. Mechanical and swelling properties of the natural rubber (NR) composites containing the buffing dust have been discussed. The properties of the composites were found to increase with the increase in filler loading. Polymer composites based on leather wastes as fillers are reported to be useful for many applications such as in construction materials, automobile interior moldings, heat and sound insulating boards, shoe soles, flooring materials and moldings with good anti-static properties, air permeability, and good appearances.
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Michael Ifeanyichukwu Ugbaja

Department of Polymer Technology, Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology (NILEST), Zaria, Nigeria
Francis Ngozichi Onuoha

Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
Uche Ibeneme

Department of Polymer Technology, Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology (NILEST), Zaria, Nigeria
Maryann Ifeoma Uzochukwu

Department of Polymer Technology, Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology (NILEST), Zaria, Nigeria
Henry Opara

Department of Polymer Technology, Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology (NILEST), Zaria, Nigeria
Isaac Ndubuisi Mbada

Department of Transport Centre, Nigerian Institute of Transport Technology, Zaria, Nigeria

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APA Style

Michael Ifeanyichukwu Ugbaja, Francis Ngozichi Onuoha, Uche Ibeneme, Maryann Ifeoma Uzochukwu, Henry Opara, et al. (2016). Swelling and Mechanical Behaviour of Natural Rubber Vulcanisate Filled with Leather Wastes (Buffing Dust) and Its Modeling. American Journal of Applied Scientific Research, 2(2), 6-11. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20160202.11

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ACS Style

Michael Ifeanyichukwu Ugbaja; Francis Ngozichi Onuoha; Uche Ibeneme; Maryann Ifeoma Uzochukwu; Henry Opara, et al. Swelling and Mechanical Behaviour of Natural Rubber Vulcanisate Filled with Leather Wastes (Buffing Dust) and Its Modeling. Am. J. Appl. Sci. Res. 2016, 2(2), 6-11. doi: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20160202.11

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AMA Style

Michael Ifeanyichukwu Ugbaja, Francis Ngozichi Onuoha, Uche Ibeneme, Maryann Ifeoma Uzochukwu, Henry Opara, et al. Swelling and Mechanical Behaviour of Natural Rubber Vulcanisate Filled with Leather Wastes (Buffing Dust) and Its Modeling. Am J Appl Sci Res. 2016;2(2):6-11. doi: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20160202.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajasr.20160202.11,
  author = {Michael Ifeanyichukwu Ugbaja and Francis Ngozichi Onuoha and Uche Ibeneme and Maryann Ifeoma Uzochukwu and Henry Opara and Isaac Ndubuisi Mbada},
  title = {Swelling and Mechanical Behaviour of Natural Rubber Vulcanisate Filled with Leather Wastes (Buffing Dust) and Its Modeling},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Scientific Research},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {6-11},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajasr.20160202.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20160202.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajasr.20160202.11},
  abstract = {The swelling and mechanical behavior of untreated leather waste particles (buffing dust, BD) in natural rubber have been studied. Mechanical and swelling properties of the natural rubber (NR) composites containing the buffing dust have been discussed. The properties of the composites were found to increase with the increase in filler loading. Polymer composites based on leather wastes as fillers are reported to be useful for many applications such as in construction materials, automobile interior moldings, heat and sound insulating boards, shoe soles, flooring materials and moldings with good anti-static properties, air permeability, and good appearances.},
 year = {2016}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Swelling and Mechanical Behaviour of Natural Rubber Vulcanisate Filled with Leather Wastes (Buffing Dust) and Its Modeling
AU  - Michael Ifeanyichukwu Ugbaja
AU  - Francis Ngozichi Onuoha
AU  - Uche Ibeneme
AU  - Maryann Ifeoma Uzochukwu
AU  - Henry Opara
AU  - Isaac Ndubuisi Mbada
Y1  - 2016/08/04
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20160202.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajasr.20160202.11
T2  - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
JF  - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
JO  - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
SP  - 6
EP  - 11
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2471-9730
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20160202.11
AB  - The swelling and mechanical behavior of untreated leather waste particles (buffing dust, BD) in natural rubber have been studied. Mechanical and swelling properties of the natural rubber (NR) composites containing the buffing dust have been discussed. The properties of the composites were found to increase with the increase in filler loading. Polymer composites based on leather wastes as fillers are reported to be useful for many applications such as in construction materials, automobile interior moldings, heat and sound insulating boards, shoe soles, flooring materials and moldings with good anti-static properties, air permeability, and good appearances.
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
ER  -

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