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Prospective Memory Is (Also) Not Immune to Imagery

Received: 30 April 2016     Accepted: 10 May 2016     Published: 30 December 2016
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Abstract

The study adopted a study-test paradigm to investigate whether imagery has a similar effect on prospective memory as it does on retrospective memory. The sample consists of 160 introductory psychology students. The participants were randomly assigned into 2 between groups of imagery: no-imagery and imagery groups. All the participants first studied paired-associate words (List A-B) and were later tested on the paired-associate recall test and sentence construction task. The 2 tests were performed simultaneously. Results of data analyses using the multivariate statistical model showed that memory was better for participants in the imagery group than for participants in the no-imagery group for retrospective memory (p < .001), as well as for prospective memory (p < .001). The obtained effect sizes (ES) of 0.26 and 0.21 for retrospective and prospective memory respectively demonstrate that imagery affects not only retrospective memory, but also prospective memory.

Published in American Journal of Applied Psychology (Volume 5, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajap.20160506.17
Page(s) 85-88
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Imagery, Paired-Associate Words, Prospective Memory, Retrospective Memory, Sentence Construction Task

References
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[2] Bruning, R. H., Schraw, G. J., & Ronning, R. R. (1999). “Cognitive psychology and instruction” (3rdedn.). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
[3] Cohen, A. L., Jaudas, A., & Gollinwitzer, P. M., (2008). “Number of cues influences the cost of remembering to remember”. Memory & Cognition, 36, 149-156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/MC.36.1.149.
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[6] Gene, A. B., Justine, K., Thadeus, M. J., & Richard, L. M. (2011). “On the role of imagery in event-based prospective memory”. Consciousness and Cognition, 20, 901-907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2011.02.015.
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[10] LaBoutiller, N., & Marks, D. F. (2003). “Mental imagery and creativity: A meta-analytic review study”. British Journal of Psychology, 94, 245-273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/000712603762842084.
[11] Maylor, E. A., Smith, G., Della Salla, S., &Logie, R. H. (2002). “Prospective and retrospective memory in normal aging and dementia: An experimental study”. Memory & Cognition, 30 (6), 871-884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658210050117735.
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[13] McDaniel, M. A., Howard, D. C., & Butler, K. M. (2008). “Implementation intentions facilitate prospective memory under high attention demand”. Memory & Cognition, 36 (4), 716-724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13421-011-0126-8.
[14] Meeks, J. T., & Marsh, R. L. (2010). “Implementation intentions about non focal event-based prospective memory tasks”. Psychological Research, 74, 82-89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coccog2011.02.015.
[15] Mefoh, P. C., & Ezeh, V. C. (2016). Effect of field-dependent versus field-independent cognitive styles on prospective and retrospective memory slips. South African Journal of Psychology. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081246316632969 sap.sagepub.com.
[16] Nash, U., Brittany, D. M., Gene, A. B., & Gregory, J. S. (2013). “Individual differences in everyday Retrospective memory failures”. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 2, 7-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2012.11.003.
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[19] Takahashi, M., Shimizu, H., Saito, S., & Tomoyori, H. (2006). “One percent ability and ninety-nine percent perspiration: A study of a Japanese memoirist”. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 32, 1195-1200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.32.5.1195.
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Philip Chukwuemeka Mefoh, Sampson Kelechi Nwonyi. (2016). Prospective Memory Is (Also) Not Immune to Imagery. American Journal of Applied Psychology, 5(6), 85-88. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20160506.17

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    ACS Style

    Philip Chukwuemeka Mefoh; Sampson Kelechi Nwonyi. Prospective Memory Is (Also) Not Immune to Imagery. Am. J. Appl. Psychol. 2016, 5(6), 85-88. doi: 10.11648/j.ajap.20160506.17

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    AMA Style

    Philip Chukwuemeka Mefoh, Sampson Kelechi Nwonyi. Prospective Memory Is (Also) Not Immune to Imagery. Am J Appl Psychol. 2016;5(6):85-88. doi: 10.11648/j.ajap.20160506.17

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajap.20160506.17,
      author = {Philip Chukwuemeka Mefoh and Sampson Kelechi Nwonyi},
      title = {Prospective Memory Is (Also) Not Immune to Imagery},
      journal = {American Journal of Applied Psychology},
      volume = {5},
      number = {6},
      pages = {85-88},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajap.20160506.17},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20160506.17},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajap.20160506.17},
      abstract = {The study adopted a study-test paradigm to investigate whether imagery has a similar effect on prospective memory as it does on retrospective memory. The sample consists of 160 introductory psychology students. The participants were randomly assigned into 2 between groups of imagery: no-imagery and imagery groups. All the participants first studied paired-associate words (List A-B) and were later tested on the paired-associate recall test and sentence construction task. The 2 tests were performed simultaneously. Results of data analyses using the multivariate statistical model showed that memory was better for participants in the imagery group than for participants in the no-imagery group for retrospective memory (p < .001), as well as for prospective memory (p < .001). The obtained effect sizes (ES) of 0.26 and 0.21 for retrospective and prospective memory respectively demonstrate that imagery affects not only retrospective memory, but also prospective memory.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

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    T1  - Prospective Memory Is (Also) Not Immune to Imagery
    AU  - Philip Chukwuemeka Mefoh
    AU  - Sampson Kelechi Nwonyi
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    T2  - American Journal of Applied Psychology
    JF  - American Journal of Applied Psychology
    JO  - American Journal of Applied Psychology
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    SN  - 2328-5672
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20160506.17
    AB  - The study adopted a study-test paradigm to investigate whether imagery has a similar effect on prospective memory as it does on retrospective memory. The sample consists of 160 introductory psychology students. The participants were randomly assigned into 2 between groups of imagery: no-imagery and imagery groups. All the participants first studied paired-associate words (List A-B) and were later tested on the paired-associate recall test and sentence construction task. The 2 tests were performed simultaneously. Results of data analyses using the multivariate statistical model showed that memory was better for participants in the imagery group than for participants in the no-imagery group for retrospective memory (p < .001), as well as for prospective memory (p < .001). The obtained effect sizes (ES) of 0.26 and 0.21 for retrospective and prospective memory respectively demonstrate that imagery affects not only retrospective memory, but also prospective memory.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Psychology, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

  • Department of Sociology/Psychology, Faculty of Management and Social Sciences, Godfery Okoye University, Enugu, Nigeria

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