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Diversity Among Yellow Seeded Common Beans in Tanzania

Received: 5 October 2022     Accepted: 5 December 2022     Published: 17 January 2023
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Abstract

Common bean is globally the most important leguminous crop for direct human consumption. In Tanzania, it is the most inter-cropped leguminous crop especially with maize. Characterization of common beans is important for genetic improvement and ex-situ germplasm conservation since it allows identification and awareness of key features of the genotypes. The common beans grown in Tanzania are of different seed colours such as red, red mottled, grey, white, yellow, brown etc. Yellow bean is one of the most traded bean types in Tanzania but there is limited information on diversity of the varieties cultivated across the country. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the diversity of yellow seeded common beans found in Tanzania. The study was carried out at Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania in 2022. Thirty-two yellow bean genotypes collected from different regions of Tanzania were assessed for diversity using quantitative and qualitative traits. The trials were carried out in the screen house and on the open field. The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance, cluster, principal component, and correlation analyses. Sixteen genotypes were characterized as determinate plant type while the remaining sixteen were classified as indeterminate. About 75% of the genotypes had cuboid shape while 12.5% had kidney and oval shapes. About 78% of the genotypes were dominated by green cotyledon colour while 90% had white hypocotyls colour. The cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into five groups in both field and screen house. The first four principal components accounted for 51.8% of the variation observed on the field and 61.9% in the screen house. There were strong correlations among many important traits which will allow indirect selection for some complex traits. The positive correlation observed between number of locules and number of seed per pod (r = 0.87) indicates that number of locules can be used to determine the density and seed yield. There was high level of diversity among the yellow bean genotypes evaluated in this study for quantitative and qualitative traits. The scientific information obtained from this study will be useful in breeding programmes for improvement of yellow seeded beans in Tanzania for the traits.

Published in American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 11, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajaf.20231101.11
Page(s) 1-11
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Yellow Beans, Qualitative and Quantitative Traits, Principal Component Analysis, Cluster Analysis

References
[1] Birachi, E. A., Sperling, L., Kadege, E., Mdachi, M., Upendo, T., Radegunda, K., Mutua, M., Mbiu, J., Raya, N., and Ndunguru, A. (2021). Analysis of the Yellow Bean Corridor in Tanzania. A Feed the Future Global Supporting Seed Systems for Development activity (S34D) report.
[2] Kiwuka, C., Bukenya-Ziraba, R., Namaganda, M. and Mulumba, J. W. (2012). Assessment of common bean cultivar diversity in selected communities of central uganda, African Crop Science Journal, 20 (4), 239–249.
[3] Chiorato, A. F., Carbonell, S. A. M., Colombo, C. A., Dias, L. A. S., and Ito, M. F. (2005). Genetic diversity of common bean accessions in the germplasm bank of the Instituto Agronômico - IAC. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 5 (1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.12702/1984-7033.v05n01a01
[4] Cichy, K. A., Porch, T. G., Beaver, J. S., Cregan, P., Fourie, D., Glahn, R. P., Grusak, M. A., Kamfwa, K., Katuuramu, D. N., McClean, P., Mndolwa, E., Nchimbi-Msolla, S., Pastor-Corrales, M. A., and Miklas, P. N. (2015). A Phaseolus vulgaris diversity panel for Andean bean improvement. Crop Science, 55 (5), 2149–2160. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2014.09.0653
[5] Durán, L. A., Blair, M. W., Giraldo, M. C., Macchiavelli, R., Prophete, E., Nin, J. C., and Beaver, J. S. (2005). Morphological and molecular characterization of common bean landraces and cultivars from the Caribbean. Crop Science, 45 (4), 1320–1328. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2004.0501
[6] Hillocks, R. J., Madata, C. S., Chirwa, R., Minja, E. M., and Msolla, S. (2006). Phaseolus bean improvement in Tanzania, 1959-2005. Euphytica, 150 (1–2), 215–231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-006-9112-9
[7] Laura, E. Y. L., Azize, O., Arlette, A., Joel, A., Joelle, T., Gustave, D., and Alexandre, D. (2018). Morphological characterization of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) landraces of Central region of Benin Republic. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, 10 (11), 304–318. https://doi.org/10.5897/jpbcs2018.0766
[8] Leakey, C. L. A. (1988). Genotypic and Phenotypic markers in Common Bean pp. 245-327 In GEPTS P. Ed. Genetic Resources of Phaseolus beans. 245-327.
[9] Meza, N., Carlos, J., and Mart, J. P. (2013). Biodiversity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Honduras, evidenced by morphological characterization. 1329–1336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-012-9922-7
[10] Nassary, E. K., Baijukya, F., and Ndakidemi, P. A. (2020). Productivity of intercropping with maize and common bean over five cropping seasons on smallholder farms of Tanzania. European Journal of Agronomy, 113 (October 2019), 125964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2019.125964
[11] Panthe, D. R., K. C, R. B., Regmi, H. N., Subedi, P. P Bhattari, S. and Dhakal, J. 2006. Diversity analysis of garlic (Allium sativum L.) germplasms available in Nepal based on morphological characters. Genetic Resourcesand Crop Evolution 53: 205-212.
[12] Philipo, M., Ndakidemi, P. A., and Mbega, E. R. (2021). Environmentally stable common bean genotypes for production in different agro-ecological zones of Tanzania. Heliyon, 7 (1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05973
[13] Stoilova, Tsvetelina, Pereira, G., Traveres de sousa, M. M., and Carnide, V. (2005). Diversity in common bean landraces (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from Bulgaria and Portugal, Journal of Central European Agriculture, 6 (4), 443–448.
[14] Stoilova, T, Pereira, G., and Traves-de-sousa, M. (2013). Morphological characterization of a small common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) collection under different environments. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 14 (3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5513/JCEA01/14.3.127
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  • APA Style

    Fadhila Ahmed Urassa, Susan Nchimbi Msolla, Bunmi Olasanmi. (2023). Diversity Among Yellow Seeded Common Beans in Tanzania. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 11(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20231101.11

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    ACS Style

    Fadhila Ahmed Urassa; Susan Nchimbi Msolla; Bunmi Olasanmi. Diversity Among Yellow Seeded Common Beans in Tanzania. Am. J. Agric. For. 2023, 11(1), 1-11. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20231101.11

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    AMA Style

    Fadhila Ahmed Urassa, Susan Nchimbi Msolla, Bunmi Olasanmi. Diversity Among Yellow Seeded Common Beans in Tanzania. Am J Agric For. 2023;11(1):1-11. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20231101.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20231101.11,
      author = {Fadhila Ahmed Urassa and Susan Nchimbi Msolla and Bunmi Olasanmi},
      title = {Diversity Among Yellow Seeded Common Beans in Tanzania},
      journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
      volume = {11},
      number = {1},
      pages = {1-11},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20231101.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20231101.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20231101.11},
      abstract = {Common bean is globally the most important leguminous crop for direct human consumption. In Tanzania, it is the most inter-cropped leguminous crop especially with maize. Characterization of common beans is important for genetic improvement and ex-situ germplasm conservation since it allows identification and awareness of key features of the genotypes. The common beans grown in Tanzania are of different seed colours such as red, red mottled, grey, white, yellow, brown etc. Yellow bean is one of the most traded bean types in Tanzania but there is limited information on diversity of the varieties cultivated across the country. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the diversity of yellow seeded common beans found in Tanzania. The study was carried out at Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania in 2022. Thirty-two yellow bean genotypes collected from different regions of Tanzania were assessed for diversity using quantitative and qualitative traits. The trials were carried out in the screen house and on the open field. The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance, cluster, principal component, and correlation analyses. Sixteen genotypes were characterized as determinate plant type while the remaining sixteen were classified as indeterminate. About 75% of the genotypes had cuboid shape while 12.5% had kidney and oval shapes. About 78% of the genotypes were dominated by green cotyledon colour while 90% had white hypocotyls colour. The cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into five groups in both field and screen house. The first four principal components accounted for 51.8% of the variation observed on the field and 61.9% in the screen house. There were strong correlations among many important traits which will allow indirect selection for some complex traits. The positive correlation observed between number of locules and number of seed per pod (r = 0.87) indicates that number of locules can be used to determine the density and seed yield. There was high level of diversity among the yellow bean genotypes evaluated in this study for quantitative and qualitative traits. The scientific information obtained from this study will be useful in breeding programmes for improvement of yellow seeded beans in Tanzania for the traits.},
     year = {2023}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Diversity Among Yellow Seeded Common Beans in Tanzania
    AU  - Fadhila Ahmed Urassa
    AU  - Susan Nchimbi Msolla
    AU  - Bunmi Olasanmi
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    T2  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
    JF  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
    JO  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
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    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8591
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20231101.11
    AB  - Common bean is globally the most important leguminous crop for direct human consumption. In Tanzania, it is the most inter-cropped leguminous crop especially with maize. Characterization of common beans is important for genetic improvement and ex-situ germplasm conservation since it allows identification and awareness of key features of the genotypes. The common beans grown in Tanzania are of different seed colours such as red, red mottled, grey, white, yellow, brown etc. Yellow bean is one of the most traded bean types in Tanzania but there is limited information on diversity of the varieties cultivated across the country. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the diversity of yellow seeded common beans found in Tanzania. The study was carried out at Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania in 2022. Thirty-two yellow bean genotypes collected from different regions of Tanzania were assessed for diversity using quantitative and qualitative traits. The trials were carried out in the screen house and on the open field. The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance, cluster, principal component, and correlation analyses. Sixteen genotypes were characterized as determinate plant type while the remaining sixteen were classified as indeterminate. About 75% of the genotypes had cuboid shape while 12.5% had kidney and oval shapes. About 78% of the genotypes were dominated by green cotyledon colour while 90% had white hypocotyls colour. The cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into five groups in both field and screen house. The first four principal components accounted for 51.8% of the variation observed on the field and 61.9% in the screen house. There were strong correlations among many important traits which will allow indirect selection for some complex traits. The positive correlation observed between number of locules and number of seed per pod (r = 0.87) indicates that number of locules can be used to determine the density and seed yield. There was high level of diversity among the yellow bean genotypes evaluated in this study for quantitative and qualitative traits. The scientific information obtained from this study will be useful in breeding programmes for improvement of yellow seeded beans in Tanzania for the traits.
    VL  - 11
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Pan African University of Life and Earth Sciences Institute (Including Health and Agriculture), University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

  • Department of Crop Science and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanznaia

  • Department of Crop and Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

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