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Physiological Races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in Ethiopia in 2019/2020

Received: 14 February 2022     Accepted: 3 March 2022     Published: 9 April 2022
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Abstract

Wheat stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f.sp tritici is constant biotic constraint of wheat production across the world. Because of quick alteration of genetic makeup of wheat stem rust pathogen; monitoring shift in virulence within pathogen is crucial to avoid sudden occurrence of epidemics due race change. This study was to identify physiological races stem rust pathogen in Ethiopia during 2019 cropping season. Wheat stem rust samples were collected during 2019 main cropping season from major wheat growing areas of Oromia, Amhara, Tigray and Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples regions of Ethiopia. Besides, samples were also collected from Afar region where wheat was grown by irrigation during off season. The samples where isolated on universally wheat stem rust susceptible line (McNair) for the sake of mono pustule isolation and multiplication to have sufficient spores. Each isolates where inoculated on twenty standard differential lines and each line was evaluated after fourteen days to determine the races. Eight stem rust races namely, TKKTF, TKTTF, TTTTF, TKKTT, TTKTT, TTRTF, TKPTF and TTKTF were identified from samples analyzed; TKKTF was identified from 175 (44.1%) stem rust isolates, while TTTTF was detected from 73 (18.4) samples analyzed. In addition, TKTTF was isolated from 70 (17.8%) samples; however, TTKTF, TTKTT, TTRTF, TKPTF and TKKTT were recorded from 48 (12.1%), 21 (5.3%), 4 (1%), 1 (0.25%) and 1 (0.25%) samples analyzed in the season. TTKTT races have 95% virulence spectra to stem rust resistance genes with in differential lines. Resistance genes (Sr24) that is available in most of commercial varieties worldwide became ineffective with these races. Therefore, breeding program should focus on searching for more sources of resistance to virulent races of the pathogen.

Published in American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 10, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajaf.20221002.15
Page(s) 72-76
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Genes, Puccinia graminis, Races, Virulence

References
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[2] Fetch Jr, T. G. and Dunsmore, K. M., 2004. Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis on wheat, barley, and oat in Canada in 2001. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 26 (2), 148-155.
[3] Hei, N. B., Tsegaab, T., Getaneh, W., Girma, T., Obsa, C., Seyoum, A., Zerihun, E., Nazari, K., Kurtulus, E., Kavaz, H. and Ozseven, I., 2020. First Report of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Race TTKTT in Ethiopia. Plant Disease, 104 (3), 982.
[4] Jin, Y., Szabo, L. J., Pretorius, Z. A., Singh, R. P., Ward, R. and Fetch Jr, T., 2008. Detection of virulence to resistance gene Sr24 within race TTKS of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. Plant Disease, 92 (6), 923-926.
[5] Lemma, A., Woldeab, G., Semahegn, Y. and Dilnesaw, Z., 2014. Survey and virulence distribution of wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) in the major wheat growing areas of central Ethiopia. Sci-Afric Journal of Scientific Issues, Research and Essays, 2 (10), 474-478.
[6] Olivera Firpo, P. D., Newcomb, M., Flath, K., Sommerfeldt-Impe, N., Szabo, L. J., Carter, M., Luster, D. G. and Jin, Y., 2017. Characterization of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici isolates derived from an unusual wheat stem rust outbreak in Germany in 2013. Plant pathology, 66 (8): 1258-1266.
[7] Olivera, P., Newcomb, M., Szabo, L. J., Rouse, M., Johnson, J., Gale, S., Luster, D. G., Hodson, D., Cox, J. A., Burgin, L., Hort, M., Gilligan, C. A., Patpour, m., Juatesen, A. F., Hovmoller, M. S., Woldeab, G., Hailu, E., Hundie, B., Tadese, K., Pumphrey, M., Sigh, R. P., and Jin, Y., 2015. Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Race TKTTF of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici that Caused a Wheat Stem Rust Epidemic in Southern Ethiopia in 2013 – 14. Phythopathology 105 (7): 917–928.
[8] Pathan, A. K. and Park, R. F. 2007. Evaluation of seedling and adult resistance to stem rust in European wheat cultivars. Euphytica 155: 87-105.
[9] Patpour, M., Hovmøller, M. S., Hansen, J. G., Justesen, A. F., Thach, T., Algaba, J. R., Hodson, D. and Randazzo, B., 2018. Epidemics of yellow and stem rust in Southern Italy 2016-2017. In BGRI 2018. Retrieved on April, 2021 (https://www.globalrust.org).
[10] Roelfs AP, Martens JW, 1988. An international system of nomenclature for Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Phytopathology 78, 526-33.
[11] Roelfs, A. P., R. P. Singh & E. E. Saari 1992. Rust Disesases of Wheat: Concept andMethods ofDisease Management. Mexico, D. F.: CIMMYT. 81 pages.
[12] Stakman, E. C., D. M. Steward, W. Q. Loegering. 1962. Identification of physiologic races of Puccinia graminis var. tritici. US Dep. Agric. Agric. Res. Serv. E-617.
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    Kitessa Gutu, Tsegaab Tesfaye, Netsanet Bacha, Tamrat Negash, Daniel Kassa, et al. (2022). Physiological Races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in Ethiopia in 2019/2020. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 10(2), 72-76. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20221002.15

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    Kitessa Gutu; Tsegaab Tesfaye; Netsanet Bacha; Tamrat Negash; Daniel Kassa, et al. Physiological Races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in Ethiopia in 2019/2020. Am. J. Agric. For. 2022, 10(2), 72-76. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20221002.15

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    AMA Style

    Kitessa Gutu, Tsegaab Tesfaye, Netsanet Bacha, Tamrat Negash, Daniel Kassa, et al. Physiological Races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in Ethiopia in 2019/2020. Am J Agric For. 2022;10(2):72-76. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20221002.15

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20221002.15,
      author = {Kitessa Gutu and Tsegaab Tesfaye and Netsanet Bacha and Tamrat Negash and Daniel Kassa and Fikirte Yirga and Megersa Debela and Gudeta Bedada and Tesfaye Dessale and Ashenafi Gemechu and Tilahun Bayisa and Zerihun Eshetu and Zerihun Tomas and Girma Teshome and Mitiku Kebede and Bilal Temam and Misgana Mitiku and Bekele Kassa and Yitagesu Tadesse and Mequnanint Andualem and Tsehaye Brhane and Wulita Wondwosen and Nurhussen Seid and Zemedkun Alemu},
      title = {Physiological Races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in Ethiopia in 2019/2020},
      journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
      volume = {10},
      number = {2},
      pages = {72-76},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20221002.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20221002.15},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20221002.15},
      abstract = {Wheat stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f.sp tritici is constant biotic constraint of wheat production across the world. Because of quick alteration of genetic makeup of wheat stem rust pathogen; monitoring shift in virulence within pathogen is crucial to avoid sudden occurrence of epidemics due race change. This study was to identify physiological races stem rust pathogen in Ethiopia during 2019 cropping season. Wheat stem rust samples were collected during 2019 main cropping season from major wheat growing areas of Oromia, Amhara, Tigray and Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples regions of Ethiopia. Besides, samples were also collected from Afar region where wheat was grown by irrigation during off season. The samples where isolated on universally wheat stem rust susceptible line (McNair) for the sake of mono pustule isolation and multiplication to have sufficient spores. Each isolates where inoculated on twenty standard differential lines and each line was evaluated after fourteen days to determine the races. Eight stem rust races namely, TKKTF, TKTTF, TTTTF, TKKTT, TTKTT, TTRTF, TKPTF and TTKTF were identified from samples analyzed; TKKTF was identified from 175 (44.1%) stem rust isolates, while TTTTF was detected from 73 (18.4) samples analyzed. In addition, TKTTF was isolated from 70 (17.8%) samples; however, TTKTF, TTKTT, TTRTF, TKPTF and TKKTT were recorded from 48 (12.1%), 21 (5.3%), 4 (1%), 1 (0.25%) and 1 (0.25%) samples analyzed in the season. TTKTT races have 95% virulence spectra to stem rust resistance genes with in differential lines. Resistance genes (Sr24) that is available in most of commercial varieties worldwide became ineffective with these races. Therefore, breeding program should focus on searching for more sources of resistance to virulent races of the pathogen.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Physiological Races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in Ethiopia in 2019/2020
    AU  - Kitessa Gutu
    AU  - Tsegaab Tesfaye
    AU  - Netsanet Bacha
    AU  - Tamrat Negash
    AU  - Daniel Kassa
    AU  - Fikirte Yirga
    AU  - Megersa Debela
    AU  - Gudeta Bedada
    AU  - Tesfaye Dessale
    AU  - Ashenafi Gemechu
    AU  - Tilahun Bayisa
    AU  - Zerihun Eshetu
    AU  - Zerihun Tomas
    AU  - Girma Teshome
    AU  - Mitiku Kebede
    AU  - Bilal Temam
    AU  - Misgana Mitiku
    AU  - Bekele Kassa
    AU  - Yitagesu Tadesse
    AU  - Mequnanint Andualem
    AU  - Tsehaye Brhane
    AU  - Wulita Wondwosen
    AU  - Nurhussen Seid
    AU  - Zemedkun Alemu
    Y1  - 2022/04/09
    PY  - 2022
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20221002.15
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajaf.20221002.15
    T2  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
    JF  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
    JO  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
    SP  - 72
    EP  - 76
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8591
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20221002.15
    AB  - Wheat stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f.sp tritici is constant biotic constraint of wheat production across the world. Because of quick alteration of genetic makeup of wheat stem rust pathogen; monitoring shift in virulence within pathogen is crucial to avoid sudden occurrence of epidemics due race change. This study was to identify physiological races stem rust pathogen in Ethiopia during 2019 cropping season. Wheat stem rust samples were collected during 2019 main cropping season from major wheat growing areas of Oromia, Amhara, Tigray and Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples regions of Ethiopia. Besides, samples were also collected from Afar region where wheat was grown by irrigation during off season. The samples where isolated on universally wheat stem rust susceptible line (McNair) for the sake of mono pustule isolation and multiplication to have sufficient spores. Each isolates where inoculated on twenty standard differential lines and each line was evaluated after fourteen days to determine the races. Eight stem rust races namely, TKKTF, TKTTF, TTTTF, TKKTT, TTKTT, TTRTF, TKPTF and TTKTF were identified from samples analyzed; TKKTF was identified from 175 (44.1%) stem rust isolates, while TTTTF was detected from 73 (18.4) samples analyzed. In addition, TKTTF was isolated from 70 (17.8%) samples; however, TTKTF, TTKTT, TTRTF, TKPTF and TKKTT were recorded from 48 (12.1%), 21 (5.3%), 4 (1%), 1 (0.25%) and 1 (0.25%) samples analyzed in the season. TTKTT races have 95% virulence spectra to stem rust resistance genes with in differential lines. Resistance genes (Sr24) that is available in most of commercial varieties worldwide became ineffective with these races. Therefore, breeding program should focus on searching for more sources of resistance to virulent races of the pathogen.
    VL  - 10
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ambo Agricultural Research Center, Ambo, Ethiopia

  • Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ambo Agricultural Research Center, Ambo, Ethiopia

  • Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ambo Agricultural Research Center, Ambo, Ethiopia

  • Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Assela, Ethiopia

  • Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Assela, Ethiopia

  • Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Assela, Ethiopia

  • Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Bako Agricultural Research Center, Bako, Ethiopia

  • Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Bako Agricultural Research Center, Bako, Ethiopia

  • Amhara Region Agricultural Research Institute, Sirinka Agricultural Research Center, Wollo, Ethiopia

  • Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, Bishoftu, Ethiopia

  • Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Sinana Agricultural Research Center, Bale Robe, Ethiopia

  • Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Sinana Agricultural Research Center, Bale Robe, Ethiopia

  • Southern Agricultural Research Institute, Areka Agricultural Research Center, Areka, Ethiopia

  • Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Bore Agricultural Research Center, Bore, Ethiopia

  • Southern Agricultural Research Institute, Werabe Agricultural Research Center, Werabe, Ethiopia

  • Southern Agricultural Research Institute, Werabe Agricultural Research Center, Werabe, Ethiopia

  • Southern Agricultural Research Institute, Werabe Agricultural Research Center, Werabe, Ethiopia

  • Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holetta Agricultural Research Center, Holeta, Ethiopia

  • Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holetta Agricultural Research Center, Holeta, Ethiopia

  • Amhara Region Agricultural Research Institute, Adet Agricultural Research Center, Adet, Ethiopia

  • Tigray Agricultural Research Institute, Alamata Agricultural Research Center, Alamata, Ethiopia

  • Amhara Region Agricultural Research Institute, Debrebirhan Agricultural Research Center, Debrebirhan, Ethiopia

  • Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Worer Agricultural Research Center, Worer, Ethiopia

  • Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Worer Agricultural Research Center, Worer, Ethiopia

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