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Water Treatments and Root-Shoot Growth Relations in Yemane (Gmelina arborea roxb.) Seedlings

Received: 11 July 2016     Accepted: 9 March 2017     Published: 2 April 2017
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Abstract

The nursery study was conducted to provide a scientific explanation for the practice of hardening seedlings in the nursery prior to out-planting in the open field. Three watering treatments (unstressed condition (US) seedlings watered twice a day, moderately stressed condition (MS), seedlings watered once a week, and severely stressed condition (SS), water is applied when seedlings show symptoms of mid-day wilting) were applied to Yemane seedlings (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) and their effects on root-shoot growth parameters were measured. Yemane was selected as the test species considering their massive use for reforestation in the Philippines. The experiment was laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with each treatment replicated 6 times. Data was obtained for a period of four (4) months and the ANOVA for RCBD was used to test level of significance among the treatments. The Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to compare treatment means. Shoot height, stem diameter, leaf area and shoot biomass and root length, root diameter, root density and root biomass were the parameters measured for above and below ground, respectively. Water treatments influence biomass partitioning responsible for the changes in seedling morphology and architecture. Seedlings in unstressed condition has bigger basal stem diameter, longer shoot length and wider leaf area. Furthermore, seedlings in unstressed condition obtained the largest volume of green shoot biomass but when ovendried has lighter weights, compared to the moderate and severely stressed seedlings. Severely stressed seedlings obtained the largest biomass gain in the number and length of lateral roots, root density, root biomass, root: shoot ratio and the production of a more fibrous root system. Water stress treatments suppressed the elongation of shoot parts but promotes increases in root parts. In the same manner, water treatments influenced source-sink relation between root and shoot parts wherein carbohydrates accumulates in the leaves and stem of seedlings in unstressed condition but shift to the roots in moderate and severely stressed condition. The shift in carbon allocation is an adaptive mechanism for stress regulation accounting for the larger increment in root parts under water stressed environment. It is clear that water stress treatments modified root and shoot morphology and it can used as a hardening tool for seedlings during the nursery tending phase.

Published in American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 5, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajaf.20170502.13
Page(s) 25-32
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Water Stress, Water Treatment, Root Growth, Shoot Growth, Hardening Treatment

References
[1] Auge, R. M., Shaekel, K. A. and R. L. Wample. 1986. Osmotic Adjustment in Leaves of VA Mycorrhizal and Non-mycorrhizal Rose Plants in Response to Drought Stress. Plant Physio. Vol. 82.
[2] Begg, J. E. 1980. Morphological Adaptation of leaves to water stress. In Adaptation of Plants to Water and high Temperature Stress. Wiley Interscience, New York.
[3] Carandang, W. M. 1994. Lateral Root Development and Seedling Performance of Large Leaf Mahogany. Ph. D Dissertation, UPLB, Laguna.
[4] Friend A. L., Coleman, M. D. and J. G. Isebrand. 1994. Carbon Allocation to Root and Shoot Systems. In Biology of Adventitious Root Formation. Plenum Press, New York.
[5] Friend, A. L., Eide, M. R. and T. M. Hinkley. 1990. Nitrogen Stress Alters Root Proliferation in Douglas Fir Seedlings. Can. Journal of For. Res. Vol. 20.
[6] Hsiao, T. C. and K. J. Acebedo. 1974. Agricultural Meteorology. Vol. 14.
[7] Mexal, J. G. and T. D. Landis. 1990. Target Seedling Concept: Height and Diameter. In Target Seedling Symposium: Proceeding, Combined Meetings of the Western Forest Nursery Associations. General Technical Report 200, USDA, Roseburg, Oregon.
[8] Koro, R. L., Kirsbaum, M. U. F., Farquhar, G. D. and M. Jeffreys. 1999. Effects of Water Status and Soil Fertility on C-isotope Signature in Pinus radiate. Tree Physio. Vol. 19.
[9] Mooney, H. A., Winner, E. W, Pell, E. J and E. Chu. 1991. Response of Plant to Multiple Stresses. Academic Press, New York.
[10] Osonobi, 0. and F. E. Fasehun. 1987. Adaptation to Soil Drying in Woody Seedlings of African Locust Bean. Tree Physio. Vol. 3.
[11] Parker, J. 1979. Drought Resistance Mechanism. In water Deficits and Plant Growth. (T. T. Kowslowski, ed) Academic Press, New York.
[12] Pereira, J. S. and M. M. Chaves. 1993. Plant Water Deficits in Mediterranean Ecosystems. In Water Deficits. Bios Scientific Publishers, Oxford.
[13] Rose, R., Carlson, W. C. and P. Morgan. 1990. The Target Seedling Concept. In Target Seedling Symposium. Gen. Tech. Report, USDA, Roseburg, Oregon.
[14] Seiler, J. R. and J. D. Johnson. 1985. Photosynthesis and Transpiration of Loblolly Pine Seedlings As Influenced by Moisture Stress Conditioning. Forest Science. Vol. 31. No. 3 Society of American Foresters.
[15] Zhang, J. W., Marshall, J. D. and L. Finus. 1996. Correlated Population Differences in Dry Matter Accumulation, Allocation and Water Use Efficiency in 3 Sympatric Conifer Species. For. Sci. Vol. 42.
[16] Sharp, R. E. and W. J. Davies. 1979. Solute Regulation and Growth by Roots and Shoots of Water Stress Maize Plants. Planta Vol. 47.
[17] Rose, R, Carlson, W. C. and P. Morgan. 1990. The Target Seedling Concept. In Target Seedling Symposium. General Technical Report, USDA, Roseburg, Oregon.
[18] Schurr, U. and S. Jhanke. 1991. Effects of Water Stress and Rapid Changes in Sink Water Potential on Phloem Transport in Ricinus. In Recent Advances in Phloem Transport and Assimilate Compartmentalization. Quest Edition, Press Academique, Nantes.
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    Robert T. Ngidlo. (2017). Water Treatments and Root-Shoot Growth Relations in Yemane (Gmelina arborea roxb.) Seedlings. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 5(2), 25-32. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20170502.13

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    Robert T. Ngidlo. Water Treatments and Root-Shoot Growth Relations in Yemane (Gmelina arborea roxb.) Seedlings. Am. J. Agric. For. 2017, 5(2), 25-32. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20170502.13

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    AMA Style

    Robert T. Ngidlo. Water Treatments and Root-Shoot Growth Relations in Yemane (Gmelina arborea roxb.) Seedlings. Am J Agric For. 2017;5(2):25-32. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20170502.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20170502.13,
      author = {Robert T. Ngidlo},
      title = {Water Treatments and Root-Shoot Growth Relations in Yemane (Gmelina arborea roxb.) Seedlings},
      journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
      volume = {5},
      number = {2},
      pages = {25-32},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20170502.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20170502.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20170502.13},
      abstract = {The nursery study was conducted to provide a scientific explanation for the practice of hardening seedlings in the nursery prior to out-planting in the open field. Three watering treatments (unstressed condition (US) seedlings watered twice a day, moderately stressed condition (MS), seedlings watered once a week, and severely stressed condition (SS), water is applied when seedlings show symptoms of mid-day wilting) were applied to Yemane seedlings (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) and their effects on root-shoot growth parameters were measured. Yemane was selected as the test species considering their massive use for reforestation in the Philippines. The experiment was laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with each treatment replicated 6 times. Data was obtained for a period of four (4) months and the ANOVA for RCBD was used to test level of significance among the treatments. The Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to compare treatment means. Shoot height, stem diameter, leaf area and shoot biomass and root length, root diameter, root density and root biomass were the parameters measured for above and below ground, respectively. Water treatments influence biomass partitioning responsible for the changes in seedling morphology and architecture. Seedlings in unstressed condition has bigger basal stem diameter, longer shoot length and wider leaf area. Furthermore, seedlings in unstressed condition obtained the largest volume of green shoot biomass but when ovendried has lighter weights, compared to the moderate and severely stressed seedlings. Severely stressed seedlings obtained the largest biomass gain in the number and length of lateral roots, root density, root biomass, root: shoot ratio and the production of a more fibrous root system. Water stress treatments suppressed the elongation of shoot parts but promotes increases in root parts. In the same manner, water treatments influenced source-sink relation between root and shoot parts wherein carbohydrates accumulates in the leaves and stem of seedlings in unstressed condition but shift to the roots in moderate and severely stressed condition. The shift in carbon allocation is an adaptive mechanism for stress regulation accounting for the larger increment in root parts under water stressed environment. It is clear that water stress treatments modified root and shoot morphology and it can used as a hardening tool for seedlings during the nursery tending phase.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Water Treatments and Root-Shoot Growth Relations in Yemane (Gmelina arborea roxb.) Seedlings
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    JF  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
    JO  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
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    PB  - Science Publishing Group
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20170502.13
    AB  - The nursery study was conducted to provide a scientific explanation for the practice of hardening seedlings in the nursery prior to out-planting in the open field. Three watering treatments (unstressed condition (US) seedlings watered twice a day, moderately stressed condition (MS), seedlings watered once a week, and severely stressed condition (SS), water is applied when seedlings show symptoms of mid-day wilting) were applied to Yemane seedlings (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) and their effects on root-shoot growth parameters were measured. Yemane was selected as the test species considering their massive use for reforestation in the Philippines. The experiment was laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with each treatment replicated 6 times. Data was obtained for a period of four (4) months and the ANOVA for RCBD was used to test level of significance among the treatments. The Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to compare treatment means. Shoot height, stem diameter, leaf area and shoot biomass and root length, root diameter, root density and root biomass were the parameters measured for above and below ground, respectively. Water treatments influence biomass partitioning responsible for the changes in seedling morphology and architecture. Seedlings in unstressed condition has bigger basal stem diameter, longer shoot length and wider leaf area. Furthermore, seedlings in unstressed condition obtained the largest volume of green shoot biomass but when ovendried has lighter weights, compared to the moderate and severely stressed seedlings. Severely stressed seedlings obtained the largest biomass gain in the number and length of lateral roots, root density, root biomass, root: shoot ratio and the production of a more fibrous root system. Water stress treatments suppressed the elongation of shoot parts but promotes increases in root parts. In the same manner, water treatments influenced source-sink relation between root and shoot parts wherein carbohydrates accumulates in the leaves and stem of seedlings in unstressed condition but shift to the roots in moderate and severely stressed condition. The shift in carbon allocation is an adaptive mechanism for stress regulation accounting for the larger increment in root parts under water stressed environment. It is clear that water stress treatments modified root and shoot morphology and it can used as a hardening tool for seedlings during the nursery tending phase.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • College of Advanced Education, Ifugao State University, Potia Campus, Alfonso Lista, Ifugao, Philippines

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