| Peer-Reviewed

Herbaceous Species Diversity in Kanawa Forest Reserve (KFR) in Gombe State, Nigeria

Received: 4 June 2015     Accepted: 19 June 2015     Published: 8 July 2015
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

The study was conducted between 2009 and 2011 in Kanawa Forest Reserve (KFR) in order to determine the impact of anthropogenic pressures and environmental changes of the herbaceous species. The project area was divided into six sites following the variety of land forms in the forest and three transects measuring 100m were laid within each site. Point Centered Quarter (PCQ) sampling method was used. Data obtained were analyzed for relative density, relative frequency, and importance value index. A total of (35) species were identified in KFR out of which 16 species belonged to grasses within three families and 19 genera. The family Poaceae had the highest number, 10 species, the Cyperaceae had 5 species, while the Typhaceae had only l. 19 species belonged to forbs within fourteen families and 16 genera. The families Asteraceae and Leguminosae: Fabaceae had 3 species each: Rubiaceae had 2 species each. Acanthaceae, Capparidaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Zygophyllaceae, Portulacaceae, Polygonaceae, Solanaceae, Onagraceae, Labiatae and Commelinaceae all had 1 species each. Simpson’s index of diversity was 0.998 and Shannon-Wiener Index was 4.57. This condition indicates complex vegetation. Chi square and its related statistics showed significant positive associations between site I and IV, lI and IV, V and VI. Only site I and IV, II and IV, V and VI were significantly negatively associated at (P < 0.05). The species with the lowest importance value indices were:- Pennisetum pedicellatum, Polygonum senegalense, Vetiveria nigrinata, Zornia glochidiata. These plants therefore require more efforts on conservation.

Published in American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 3, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajaf.20150304.14
Page(s) 140-150
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Herbaceous, Biodiversity, Kanawa Forest Reserve (KFR) and Inventory

References
[1] H.M. Abba; F.B.J. Sawa; A.M. Gani . and S. D. Abdul (2013). Study of Kanawa Forest Reserve (KFR). Soil analysis. Unpublished field work for Ph.D thesis.
[2] Abdullahi, M.B (2010). Phytosociological Studies and Community Rural ApppraisalTowards Biodiversity Conservation in Yankari Game Reserve, Bauchi State, Nigeria . An unpublished Ph.D Thesis. Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria, pp 99 .
[3] Abdullahi M.B (2011). An investigation into the Herbaceous plant formations Of Yankari Game Reserve Bauchi, Nigeria. Botany Research Journal 4(3) pp 29-34.
[4] Abdullahi, M.B and Sanusi S.S (2006). A phytosociological survey of the herbaceous Vegetation of the Gaji flood Plains.Yankari National Park, Bauchi.Nigerian Journal of Botany,19:pp 61-67.
[5] Abdullahi, M.B, S.S Sanusi, S.D, Abdul and F.B.J. Sawa (2009). An assessment of the herbaceous species vegetation of yankari game reserve, Bauchi, Nigeria. American Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science 6:pp20-25.
[6] Ahmad, S. S. and Ehsan, H. (2012) Analyzing the herbaceous flora of LohiBher Wildlife Park under variable environmental stress. Pak. J. Bot., 44(1):pp11-14.
[7] Akobundu, I.O. and C.W Agyakwa. (1998). A Hand Book of West African Weeds.International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, IITA, Ibadan.pp 1-.557.
[8] Atiku, M, and Bello, A.G (2011). Diversity of herbaceous plants in Wassaniya Forest Reserve of Sokoto State, Nigeria.Forestry Association of Nigeria, Conference paper.pp 438-443
[9] Blair, R.A (1976). A Field Key to the Common Genera of Nigerian Grasses.Part 1 and 2. University Press Ibadan.pp76 .
[10] Broekhuyse, J.T and A.M. Allen (1984). Farming Systems Research on the Northern Mossi Plateau.Journal of Human biology Organs.47:pp 330-342.
[11] Campbell, DG (1994). Scale and pattern of community structure in Amazonian rainforest in Edwaeds P J. May RM.Web NR (eds ) Larger scale ecology and conservation biology. Blackwell, Oxford.
[12] Causton, DR (1988). Introduction to Vegetation Analysis: Principles, Practice and Interpretation. Unwin Hyman Ltd, London.pp 342.
[13] Cottam, G and Curtis J.T (1956). The use of distance measurements in phytosociological sampling.Ecology 37(3)pp460.
[14] Curtis, J.T and McIntosh, R.P (1951). An Upland continuum in the Praire- Forest Border region of Wisconsin, Ecology, 32,pp 476 – 496 .
[15] Curtis, JT (1957). The vegetation of Winsconsin: An ordination of plant communities.Uniersity of Wisconsin press Madison,Wisconsin.pp657
[16] Dallmeier, F. (Ed.). (1992). Long-term monitoring of biological diversity in Tropical Digest 11 .UNESCO, Paris.
[17] Department of Environment and resource management (2010). Fitzroy Basin Draft Water Resource Plan environmental assessment: Stage 2 assessment report, DERM, Brisbane.
[18] Dix, R. L (1971). An application of the point-centered quarter method to the samplingof grassland vegetation . Journal of Range Management. 14:63-69pp
[19] Fenner, M. (1985). Seed Ecology. Chapman and Hall, London, 151 pp.
[20] Gilliam, F. S. (2007). Ecological Significance of the Herbaceous Layer in Temperate Forest Ecosystems; Biosceince.57(10) 845 - 858pp. 2007 American Institute of Biological Sceinces.http:// dx.doi.org/ 10.164//B571007 http:// www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1641B5710007
[21] Gombe Native Authority (1945). Preliminary report on proposed Gombe Native Authority Forest reserve . No 4 of the former Gombe Native Authority, Northern Nigeria.Now Gombe State, Nigeria.pp 1-10.
[22] Harper, J. L (1977). Population Biology of Plants, Academic Press: New York–London,
[23] Hornby, A. S. (2001). Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary .6th Edition . Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York.pp580.
[24] Hutchinson J and Dalzeil J.M. (1954-1972). Flora of West Tropical Africa.Vol.l - lll . 2nd Rev.Edition. Millbank, London.
[25] Iwara A.LOffiong,R.A, Nar, G.N.Ogundele,F.O ( 2014). An assessment of Herbaceous Species Diversity, Density, Cover in Agoi Ekpo, Cross River State, Nigeria.International Journal of Biological Sciences. 01( 01) : 21-29.
[26] Jennings, M.D., Faber-Langendoen, D., Loucks, O. L., Peet, R. K. and Roberts, D. (2009) Standards for associations and alliances of theU.S. National Vegetation Classification. Ecological Monographs, 79 (2):pp 173-199.
[27] Kumar, A., B. G Marcot and A Saxena (2006).Tree speciesDiversity and distribution patterns in tropical forests of Garo Hills.Current Science. 91 (10); pp11-25
[28] Lowe, J and Stanfeild, D.P (1974).The Flora of Nigerian Sedges (Family Cyperaceae).University press. Ibadan. Nigeria.pp 140-185.
[29] Milton, S.J. and Dean, W.R.J. (2001). Disturbance, drought and dynamics of desert dune grassland, South Africa.Plant Ecology.150:pp 37-51.
[30] Misra, R (1968). Ecology work Book.Oxford and IBH Publishing Co.Calcutta.244 pp.of grassland vegetation.Journal of Range Management.14:pp63-69
[31] Olff, H. and Ritchie, M.E (1998). Effects of herbivore on grassland plant diversity, Trends in Ecology and Evolution 13,pp 261–265
[32] Richard, A. G., Emmanuel, K. B., Canisius J. K., Emmanuel B.M., Almas, M. K and Philipina F. S (2011). Species Composition, Richness and Diversity in Mimbo Woodland of Bereku Forest Reserve, Tanzania. Journal ofBiodiversity, 2(1): (2011) pp1-7.
[33] Rosenzweig, M. (1995). Species diversity in space and time. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.171pp
[34] Sabogal, C. (1992). Regeneration of tropical dry forests in Central America, with examples from Nicaragua. J Veg Sci 3:407–416 pp
[35] Samaila, M (2011). The geology of Kanawa and its environs, part of Gombe sheet 152 NE, Gombe State, Nigeria.An unpublished B.Sc thesis. Department of geology, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria.pp 47.
[36] Shannon, C.E. (1948). A mathematical theory of communication.Bell System Technical Journal 27: 379–423 and pp623–656.
[37] Simpson E. H (1949). Measurement of diversity. Nature, 163, 688pp
[38] Sobuj, N.A and Rahman.M (2011). Assessment of plant diversity in Khadimnagar National Park of Bangladesh.Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, School of Agriculture and Mineral Sciences, Shah Jalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh. International Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2 .No.1. pp 91.
[39] Vierich, H.I.D and Stoop, W.A (1990). Changes in West African Savanna Agriculture in Response to Growing Population and Continuing Low Rainfall.Agric. Ecosys. and Environ. 31:pp115- 132.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Abba Halima Mohammed, Sawa Fatima Binta Jahun, Gani Alhassan Mohammed, Abdul Suleiman Dangana. (2015). Herbaceous Species Diversity in Kanawa Forest Reserve (KFR) in Gombe State, Nigeria. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 3(4), 140-150. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20150304.14

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Abba Halima Mohammed; Sawa Fatima Binta Jahun; Gani Alhassan Mohammed; Abdul Suleiman Dangana. Herbaceous Species Diversity in Kanawa Forest Reserve (KFR) in Gombe State, Nigeria. Am. J. Agric. For. 2015, 3(4), 140-150. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20150304.14

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Abba Halima Mohammed, Sawa Fatima Binta Jahun, Gani Alhassan Mohammed, Abdul Suleiman Dangana. Herbaceous Species Diversity in Kanawa Forest Reserve (KFR) in Gombe State, Nigeria. Am J Agric For. 2015;3(4):140-150. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20150304.14

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20150304.14,
      author = {Abba Halima Mohammed and Sawa Fatima Binta Jahun and Gani Alhassan Mohammed and Abdul Suleiman Dangana},
      title = {Herbaceous Species Diversity in Kanawa Forest Reserve (KFR) in Gombe State, Nigeria},
      journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
      volume = {3},
      number = {4},
      pages = {140-150},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20150304.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20150304.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20150304.14},
      abstract = {The study was conducted between 2009 and 2011 in Kanawa Forest Reserve (KFR) in order to determine the impact of anthropogenic pressures and environmental changes of the herbaceous species. The project area was divided into six sites following the variety of land forms in the forest and three transects measuring 100m were laid within each site. Point Centered Quarter (PCQ) sampling method was used. Data obtained were analyzed for relative density, relative frequency, and importance value index. A total of (35) species were identified in KFR out of which 16 species belonged to grasses within three families and 19 genera. The family Poaceae had the highest number, 10 species, the Cyperaceae had 5 species, while the Typhaceae had only l. 19 species belonged to forbs within fourteen families and 16 genera. The families Asteraceae and Leguminosae: Fabaceae had 3 species each: Rubiaceae had 2 species each. Acanthaceae, Capparidaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Zygophyllaceae, Portulacaceae, Polygonaceae, Solanaceae, Onagraceae, Labiatae and Commelinaceae all had 1 species each. Simpson’s index of diversity was 0.998 and Shannon-Wiener Index was 4.57. This condition indicates complex vegetation. Chi square and its related statistics showed significant positive associations between site I and IV, lI and IV, V and VI. Only site I and IV, II and IV, V and VI were significantly negatively associated at (P < 0.05). The species with the lowest importance value indices were:- Pennisetum pedicellatum, Polygonum senegalense, Vetiveria nigrinata, Zornia glochidiata. These plants therefore require more efforts on conservation.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Herbaceous Species Diversity in Kanawa Forest Reserve (KFR) in Gombe State, Nigeria
    AU  - Abba Halima Mohammed
    AU  - Sawa Fatima Binta Jahun
    AU  - Gani Alhassan Mohammed
    AU  - Abdul Suleiman Dangana
    Y1  - 2015/07/08
    PY  - 2015
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20150304.14
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajaf.20150304.14
    T2  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
    JF  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
    JO  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
    SP  - 140
    EP  - 150
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8591
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20150304.14
    AB  - The study was conducted between 2009 and 2011 in Kanawa Forest Reserve (KFR) in order to determine the impact of anthropogenic pressures and environmental changes of the herbaceous species. The project area was divided into six sites following the variety of land forms in the forest and three transects measuring 100m were laid within each site. Point Centered Quarter (PCQ) sampling method was used. Data obtained were analyzed for relative density, relative frequency, and importance value index. A total of (35) species were identified in KFR out of which 16 species belonged to grasses within three families and 19 genera. The family Poaceae had the highest number, 10 species, the Cyperaceae had 5 species, while the Typhaceae had only l. 19 species belonged to forbs within fourteen families and 16 genera. The families Asteraceae and Leguminosae: Fabaceae had 3 species each: Rubiaceae had 2 species each. Acanthaceae, Capparidaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Zygophyllaceae, Portulacaceae, Polygonaceae, Solanaceae, Onagraceae, Labiatae and Commelinaceae all had 1 species each. Simpson’s index of diversity was 0.998 and Shannon-Wiener Index was 4.57. This condition indicates complex vegetation. Chi square and its related statistics showed significant positive associations between site I and IV, lI and IV, V and VI. Only site I and IV, II and IV, V and VI were significantly negatively associated at (P < 0.05). The species with the lowest importance value indices were:- Pennisetum pedicellatum, Polygonum senegalense, Vetiveria nigrinata, Zornia glochidiata. These plants therefore require more efforts on conservation.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Biology Unit, School of Basic and Remedial Studies, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria

  • Department of Biological Sceinces, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria

  • Department of Biological Sceinces, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria

  • Department of Biological Sceinces, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria

  • Sections