| Peer-Reviewed

Comparative Study of the Lipid and Lipoprotein Profile of Overweight Consumers Versus Non-consumers of Palm Oil at the National Institute of Public Health, Côte d’Ivoire

Received: 25 August 2021     Accepted: 14 September 2021     Published: 29 September 2021
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Palm oil is often not recommended to overweight patients, on the pretext that it provides saturated fat and cardiovascular diseases. This work studied variations in lipid and lipoprotein parameters in overweight consumers versus non-consumers of palm oil who came for visits at the nutrition department of the National Institute of Public Health of Adjamé in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. We included 328 overweight subjects, including 227 palm oil consumers and 101 non-consumers, in a three-month descriptive and analytical cross-sectional, prospective study. The lipid parameters analysed by enzymatic technique were total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL cholesterol. The atherogenicity index was also determined. The comparison of proportions was made by the chi square-test (5%). Moderate obesity accounted for 41.6%, overweight 31.2%. Among the patients, 89% consumed palm oil, and 11% did not. In palm oil consumers, 64.2% had normal cholesterol, while 16.1% had hypercholesterolemia. Among non-consumers, 75% had normal cholesterol compared to 25% hypercholesterolemia. The difference was not significant in both groups. Serum triglycerides, HDL, LDL cholesterols, and atherogenicity index varied in the same range as total cholesterol, with no significant difference observable, whatever the form of palm oil consumed. The non-significative variation of lipid and lipoprotein parameters in palm oil consumers and non-consumers, showed that normal consumption of palm oil has no significant effect on weight gain. This consumption is beneficial because of the presence of antioxidants in palm oil, which gives it its health and nutritional benefits.

Published in Advances in Biochemistry (Volume 9, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ab.20210904.11
Page(s) 90-97
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Palm Oil, Cholesterol, Triglyceride, Atherogenicity Index, Dyslipidemia, Overweight

References
[1] Mancini A., Imperlini E., Nigro E., Montagnese C., Daniele A. Orrù S., and Buono P. (2015) Biological and nutritional properties of palm oil and palmitic acid: Effects on health. Molecules, 20, 17339-17361.
[2] Jacquemard J. C. (2014) “Le palmier à huile”, Coll. Agricultures tropicales de poche, Ed., Quae/CTA/Presses agronomiques de Gembloux, 240.
[3] Tang T. S., and Pantzaris T. P. (2009) “Pocket book of palm oil uses, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB)”, 6th Ed, Kuala Lumpur, 178.
[4] Mba O. I., Dumont M. J., and Ngadi M., (2015) Palm oil: Processing, characterization and utilization in the food industry – A review. Food Bioscience, 10, 26–41.
[5] Global production volume palm oil by country 2018/2019. http//:www.agri-outlook.org/commodities/oilseeds/, (accessed 08 March 2020).
[6] Gesteiro E., Guijarro L., Sánchez-Muniz F. J., Vidal-Carou M. D. C., Troncoso A., Venanci L. et al. (2019) Palm Oil on the Edge. Nutrients, vol. 11, pp. 1-36.
[7] Sundram K., Sambanthamurthi R. and Yew A. (2003) Palm fruit chemistry and nutrition. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 12 (3), 355-362.
[8] Odia O. J., Ofori S., and Maduka O. (2015) Palm oil and the heart: A review. World Journal of Cardiology, 7 (3), 144-149.
[9] Murphy D. J. (2007) Future prospects for oil palm in the 21st century: Biological and related challenges. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 109, 0000–0000 (Accessed 25 June 2020).
[10] Azhar B., Saadun N., Prideaux M., and Linden-Mayer D. B. (2017) The global palm oil sector must change to save biodiversity and improve food security in the tropics. Journal of Environmental Management, 203, 457-466.
[11] Cailleau E. (2012) Huile de palme: le Nutella bientôt taxé? [Internet]. [Accessed 09 May 2020]. Available at http://www.topsante.com2012.
[12] L’Observatoire des aliments. L’huile de palme, la plus consommée au monde et la plus critiquable [en ligne]. [Accessed 21 May 2018]. Available at www.observatoire-des-aliments.fr
[13] Oyewole O. E. and Amosu A. M. (2010) Public health nutrition concerns on consumption of red palm-oil (RPO): the scientific facts from literature. African journal of medical sciences, 39, 255-262.
[14] Boateng L., Ansong R., Owusu W. B. and Steiner-Asiedu M. (2010) Coconut oil and palm oil's role in nutrition, health and national development: A review. Ghana Medical Journal, 50, 189-196.
[15] Gesteiro E., Galera-Gordo J. and Gonzalez-Gross M. (2018) Palm oil and cardiovascular health: Considerations to evaluate the literature critically. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 35, 1229-1242.
[16] Medvedev O. S. and Medvedeva N. A. (2016) Modern conceptions about the possible impact of palm oil on human health. Voprosi Pitaniia, 85, 5-18.
[17] Lucci P., Borrero M., Ruiz A., Pacetti D., Frega N. G., Diez O., Ojeda M., Gagliardi R., Parra L., Angel M. (2016) Palm oil and cardiovascular disease: A randomized trial of the effects of hybrid palm oil supplementation on human plasma lipid patterns. Food Funct., 7, 347-354.
[18] Sen C. K., Rink C., Khanna S. (2010) Palm oil-derived naturel vitamin E, ɑ tocotrienol in brain health and disease. Journal of American college of nutrition, 29 (3).
[19] Oguntibeju O. O., Esterhuyse A. J. and Truter E. J. (2009) Red palm oil: Nutritional, physiological and therapeutic roles in improving human wellbeing and quality of life. British Journal of Biomedical Science, 66 (4), 216-22.
[20] Sundram K (1997). Modulation of human lipids and lipoproteins by dietary palm oil and palm olein: a review. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 6 (1), 12-16.
[21] Fattore E., Bosetti C., Brighenti F., Agostoni C. and Fattore G. (2014) Palm oil and blood lipid-related markers of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary intervention trials. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 99, 1331-1350.
[22] Fattore E. and Fanelli R. (2013) Palm oil and palmitic acid: A review on cardiovascular effects and carcinogenicity. International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, 64, 648-59, 2013.
[23] Ofei F. (2005) Obesity: A Preventable disease. Ghana Medical Journal, 39, 98-101.
[24] Aké A. A., Mondé A., Edjème-Aké A., Bahi G. A., Djaman A. J. and Yapo A. P. (2017) Effects of palm oil consumption on lipid profile among rural Ivorian youth. Journal of Food Research, 6, 140-149.
[25] Sun G., Xia H., Yang Y., Ma S., Zhou H., Shu G., Wang S., Yang X., Tang H., Wang F., He Y., Ding R., Yin H., Wang Y., Yang Y., Zhu H., Yang L. (2018) Effects of palm olein and olive oil on serum lipids in a Chinese population: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 27 (3), 572-580.
[26] Aggarwal V., Kashyap D., Sak K., Tuli H. S., Jain A., Chaudhary A., Garg V. K., Sethi G., Yerer M. B. (2019) Molecular mechanisms of action of tocotrienols in cancer: Recent trends and advancements. Int J Mol Sci., 20 (3), 656.
[27] Imoisi O. B., Ilori G. E., Agho I. and Ekhator J. O. (2015) Palm oil, its nutritional and health implications. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 19, 127-133.
[28] Palm oil in the Ivorian economy / Palmafrique. www.socfin.com. (Accessed 08 March 2020).
[29] Soliman G. A. (2018) Dietary cholesterol and the lack of evidence in cardiovascular disease. Nutrients, 10 (780), 1-14.
[30] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. 8th Ed. December 2015. Available at http://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/guidelines/. (Accessed 10 August 2020).
[31] Liu A. G., Ford N. A., Hu F. B., Zelman K. M., Mozaffarianand D., Kris-Etherton P. M. (2017) A healthy approach to dietary fats: understanding the science and taking action to reduce consumer confusion. Nutrition Journal; 16 (53), 1-15.
[32] Fats and fatty acids in human nutrition. Report of an expert consultation. FAO, Food and Nutrition Paper, vol. 91, pp. 1–166, 2010.
[33] Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. (2002) Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids. Washington D.C: The National Academies Press. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 102 (11), 1621-1630.
[34] Friedewald W. T., Levy R. I. and Fredrickson D. S. (1972) Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin. Chem., 18, 499-502.
[35] Yapo A. E., Assayi M., Aka N. B., Bonetto R., Comoé L., Lonsdorfer A. (1990) Les valeurs de référence de 21 constituants biochimiques sanguins de l’ivoirien adulte présumé. Pub Med Afr, 110, 49-57.
[36] Jutand M-A., Le Strat Y., Ferley J-P. (2012) “Techniques de sondage et calcul de la taille d'échantillon” in Epidémiologie de terrain. Méthodes et applications. John Libbey Eurotext, 178-190. Available on: fr.scribd.com › document › E-pide-miologie-de-terrain-m. (Access 20 August 2020).
[37] Sun Y., Neelakantan N., Wu Y., Lote-Oke R., Pan A. and van Dam R. M. (2015) Palm oil consumption increases LDL cholesterol compared with vegetable oils low in saturated fat in a meta-analysis of clinical trials. Journal of Nutrition, 145, 1549–1558.
[38] Bohué A., Hollywale I., Kamagaté A. and Yapo A. P. (2016) Prévalence à l’obésité par la consommation modérée d’huile de palme chez le rat. European Scientific Journal, 12 (30), 22.
[39] Lecerf J. M. (2013) L’huile de palme. Aspects nutritionnels et métaboliques. Rôle sur le risque cardiovasculaire. Oilseeds and fats, Crops and Lipids, 20 (3), 147-159.
[40] Marangoni F, Galli C., Ghiselli A. Lercker G., La Vecchia C., Maffeis C. et al. (2017) Palm oil and human health. Meeting report of NFI: Nutrition Foundation of Italy symposium. Int J Food Sci Nutr., 68, 643-655.
[41] Sin T. S., Ong A. S. H., Choo Y. M. and Mah S. H. (2018) sn-2 Hypothesis: a review of the effects of palm oil on blood lipid levels. Journal of Oleo Science, 67, 697-706.
[42] Carta G., Murru E., Banni S., and Manca C. (2017) Palmitic acid: Physiological role, metabolism and nutritional implications. Frontiers in Physiology, 8, 902.
[43] Zhao H., Lu Z., Bieand X. and Lu F. (2005) Analysis of positional distribution of fatty acids in triacylglycerols from lard by high performance liquid chromatography. Chinese Journal of Chromatography, 23, 142–145.
[44] Onyeali E. U., Onwuchekwa A. C., Monago C. C. and Monanu M. O. (2020) Plasma lipid profile of wister albino rats fed palm oil supplemented diets. Int J Biol Chem Sci, 10, 1-7. Available at: http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs. (Access 15 March 2021).
[45] Amin K. A., Homeida A. M., El Mazoudy R. H., Hashim K. S., and Garelnabi M. (2019) Dietary lipids in health and disease. Journal of Lipids, 2019, 2, Article ID 5729498.
[46] Favari E., Chroni A., Tietge U. J., Zanotti I., Escolà-Gil J. C., and Bernini F. (2015) Cholesterol efflux and reverse cholesterol transport. Handbook of experimental pharmacology, 224, 181-206.
[47] Ayaori M. (2016) Role of HDL in cholesterol efflux and reverse cholesterol transport. Rinshobyori. The Japanese Journal of Clinical Pathology, 64 (1), 57-65.
[48] Ahmadi K., Oktafa H. and Estiasih T. (2018) The Effect of Phytosterol-Rich Fraction from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate on Blood Serum Lipid Profile of Dyslipidemia Rats. Journal of Dietary Supplements, 15 (5), 728-739.
[49] Mondé A. A., Carbonneau M-A., Michel F., Lauret C., Diabate S., Konan E., Sess D., Cristol J. P. (2011) Potential Heath implication of in vitro human LDL vitamin E oxidation modulation by polyphenols deriving from Côte d’Ivoire oil palm species. J Agric Food Chem, 59 (17), 9166-71.
[50] Tan Y. A., Sambanthamurthi R., Sundram K. and Wahid B. M. (2007) Valorization of palm by-products as functional components. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 109, 380-393.
[51] Balasundram N., Aï T. Y., Sambanthamurthi R. and Sundram K. S. Antioxidant properties of palm fruit extracts. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 14, 319-324.
[52] Tsouko E., Alexandri M., Keysson-Vieira F., Guimaraes-Freire D. M., Mallouchos A. and Koutinas A. A. (2019) Extraction of phenolic compounds from palm oil processing residues and their application as antioxidants. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 57, 29-38.
[53] Salinas N., Márquez M., Sutil R., Pacheco E.,. Muñoz M and Gómez M. E. (2008) Effect of partially refined palm oil in lipid profile in rats. Investigaciónclínica, 49 (1), 5-16.
[54] Gregg E. W. and Shaw J. E. (2017) Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 Countries over 25 Years. The New England Journal of Medicine, 377, 13-27.
[55] Ponnampalam E. N., Lewandowski P., Nesaratnam K., Dunshea F. R. and Gill H. (2011) Differential effects of natural palm oil, chemically and enzymatically modified palm oil on weight gain, blood lipid metabolites and fat deposition in a pediatric pig model. Nutrition Journal, 10, 53.
[56] Djohan Y. F., Badia E., Bonafos B., Fouret G., Lauret C., Dupuy A. M. and al. (2019) High dietary intake of palm oils compromises glucose tolerance whereas high dietary intake of olive oil compromises liver lipid metabolism and integrity. Eur J Nutr, 58, 3091-3107.
[57] Meganathan P. and Fu J. Y. (2016) Biological properties of tocotrienols: Evidence in human studies. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17, 11.
[58] Monde A. A., Cisse-Camara M., Ake A. A., Koffi G., Gauze Gnagne-Agnero C., Djohan F., Abodo J. R., Iklo C., Tiahou G. G., Thomasset B., Morena M., Cristol J. P. (2020) Biochemical properties, nutritional values, health benefits and sustainability of palm oil. Biochimie, 178, 81-95.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Cisse-Camara Massara, Monde Aké Absalome, Ahui-Bitty Louise Berthe, Aké Aké Alexandre, Abodo Jacko Rhedoor, et al. (2021). Comparative Study of the Lipid and Lipoprotein Profile of Overweight Consumers Versus Non-consumers of Palm Oil at the National Institute of Public Health, Côte d’Ivoire. Advances in Biochemistry, 9(4), 90-97. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20210904.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Cisse-Camara Massara; Monde Aké Absalome; Ahui-Bitty Louise Berthe; Aké Aké Alexandre; Abodo Jacko Rhedoor, et al. Comparative Study of the Lipid and Lipoprotein Profile of Overweight Consumers Versus Non-consumers of Palm Oil at the National Institute of Public Health, Côte d’Ivoire. Adv. Biochem. 2021, 9(4), 90-97. doi: 10.11648/j.ab.20210904.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Cisse-Camara Massara, Monde Aké Absalome, Ahui-Bitty Louise Berthe, Aké Aké Alexandre, Abodo Jacko Rhedoor, et al. Comparative Study of the Lipid and Lipoprotein Profile of Overweight Consumers Versus Non-consumers of Palm Oil at the National Institute of Public Health, Côte d’Ivoire. Adv Biochem. 2021;9(4):90-97. doi: 10.11648/j.ab.20210904.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ab.20210904.11,
      author = {Cisse-Camara Massara and Monde Aké Absalome and Ahui-Bitty Louise Berthe and Aké Aké Alexandre and Abodo Jacko Rhedoor and Kambou Philipe and Ekou Kokora Franck and Ake-Tano Odile and Tiahou George},
      title = {Comparative Study of the Lipid and Lipoprotein Profile of Overweight Consumers Versus Non-consumers of Palm Oil at the National Institute of Public Health, Côte d’Ivoire},
      journal = {Advances in Biochemistry},
      volume = {9},
      number = {4},
      pages = {90-97},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ab.20210904.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20210904.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ab.20210904.11},
      abstract = {Palm oil is often not recommended to overweight patients, on the pretext that it provides saturated fat and cardiovascular diseases. This work studied variations in lipid and lipoprotein parameters in overweight consumers versus non-consumers of palm oil who came for visits at the nutrition department of the National Institute of Public Health of Adjamé in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. We included 328 overweight subjects, including 227 palm oil consumers and 101 non-consumers, in a three-month descriptive and analytical cross-sectional, prospective study. The lipid parameters analysed by enzymatic technique were total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL cholesterol. The atherogenicity index was also determined. The comparison of proportions was made by the chi square-test (5%). Moderate obesity accounted for 41.6%, overweight 31.2%. Among the patients, 89% consumed palm oil, and 11% did not. In palm oil consumers, 64.2% had normal cholesterol, while 16.1% had hypercholesterolemia. Among non-consumers, 75% had normal cholesterol compared to 25% hypercholesterolemia. The difference was not significant in both groups. Serum triglycerides, HDL, LDL cholesterols, and atherogenicity index varied in the same range as total cholesterol, with no significant difference observable, whatever the form of palm oil consumed. The non-significative variation of lipid and lipoprotein parameters in palm oil consumers and non-consumers, showed that normal consumption of palm oil has no significant effect on weight gain. This consumption is beneficial because of the presence of antioxidants in palm oil, which gives it its health and nutritional benefits.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Comparative Study of the Lipid and Lipoprotein Profile of Overweight Consumers Versus Non-consumers of Palm Oil at the National Institute of Public Health, Côte d’Ivoire
    AU  - Cisse-Camara Massara
    AU  - Monde Aké Absalome
    AU  - Ahui-Bitty Louise Berthe
    AU  - Aké Aké Alexandre
    AU  - Abodo Jacko Rhedoor
    AU  - Kambou Philipe
    AU  - Ekou Kokora Franck
    AU  - Ake-Tano Odile
    AU  - Tiahou George
    Y1  - 2021/09/29
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20210904.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ab.20210904.11
    T2  - Advances in Biochemistry
    JF  - Advances in Biochemistry
    JO  - Advances in Biochemistry
    SP  - 90
    EP  - 97
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2329-0862
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20210904.11
    AB  - Palm oil is often not recommended to overweight patients, on the pretext that it provides saturated fat and cardiovascular diseases. This work studied variations in lipid and lipoprotein parameters in overweight consumers versus non-consumers of palm oil who came for visits at the nutrition department of the National Institute of Public Health of Adjamé in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. We included 328 overweight subjects, including 227 palm oil consumers and 101 non-consumers, in a three-month descriptive and analytical cross-sectional, prospective study. The lipid parameters analysed by enzymatic technique were total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL cholesterol. The atherogenicity index was also determined. The comparison of proportions was made by the chi square-test (5%). Moderate obesity accounted for 41.6%, overweight 31.2%. Among the patients, 89% consumed palm oil, and 11% did not. In palm oil consumers, 64.2% had normal cholesterol, while 16.1% had hypercholesterolemia. Among non-consumers, 75% had normal cholesterol compared to 25% hypercholesterolemia. The difference was not significant in both groups. Serum triglycerides, HDL, LDL cholesterols, and atherogenicity index varied in the same range as total cholesterol, with no significant difference observable, whatever the form of palm oil consumed. The non-significative variation of lipid and lipoprotein parameters in palm oil consumers and non-consumers, showed that normal consumption of palm oil has no significant effect on weight gain. This consumption is beneficial because of the presence of antioxidants in palm oil, which gives it its health and nutritional benefits.
    VL  - 9
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Félix Houphouet-Boigny University, Abidjan, C?te d’Ivoire

  • Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Félix Houphouet-Boigny University, Abidjan, C?te d’Ivoire

  • Laboratory of Nutrition, Training Unit and Research in Biosciences, Félix Houphouet-Boigny University, Cocody, Abidjan, C?te d’Ivoire

  • Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Félix Houphouet-Boigny University, Abidjan, C?te d’Ivoire

  • Diabetology Endocrinology Department, Yopougon Teaching Hospital, Abidjan, C?te d’Ivoire

  • Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Félix Houphouet-Boigny University, Abidjan, C?te d’Ivoire

  • Nutrition Service, National Institute of Public Health, Adjamé, Abidjan, C?te d’Ivoire

  • Nutrition Service, National Institute of Public Health, Adjamé, Abidjan, C?te d’Ivoire

  • Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Alassane Ouattara University, Bouaké, C?te d’Ivoire

  • Sections