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Burning Characteristics of N-Heptane Pool Fire in a Controlled Dynamic Pressure Environment

Received: 7 March 2017     Accepted: 25 March 2017     Published: 19 April 2017
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Abstract

Cabin fires during in-flight and fires in high altitude airport have attracted a lot of attention. The previous fire tests at high altitudes were all conducted under very limited number of static pressure levels. It is important to design a controlled oxygen and pressure environment and conduct experiments to study the fire behaviors at different depressurization rates. A low-pressure chamber with oxygen and pressure control of 2×3×4.65m3 in volume is developed and built to simulate high-altitude environment. Pool fire experiments using 20-cm and 30-cm-diameter pans are performed at three different depressurization rates, e.g. 5.46kPa/min, 10.92kPa/min, and 19.68kPa/min. The parameters measured include burning rate, flame temperature, radiative heat flux, and heat release rate, et al. The results from fire experiments under different depressurization rates demonstrate the difference and impacts of dynamic pressure environment on liquid fire behaviors and helpful for fire prevention during the flight of the aircraft.

Published in Advances in Biochemistry (Volume 5, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ab.20170502.12
Page(s) 22-30
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Burning Characteristics, Low-Pressure Chamber, Depressurization Rates, Dynamic Pressures, Pool Fire

References
[1] Wieser, D., P. Jauch and U. Willi, The influence of high altitude on fire detector test fires. Fire Safety Journal, 1997, 29(2–3): 195-204.
[2] Zhenhua Li, Yaping He, Hui Zhang et al., Combustion characteristics of n-heptane and wood crib fires at different altitudes. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2009, 32(2): 2481-2488.
[3] Jun Fang, Ran Tu, Jin-fu Guan et al., Influence of low air pressure on combustion characteristics and flame pulsation frequency of pool fires. Fuel, 2011, 90(8): 2760-2766.
[4] Hirst, R. and D. Sutton, The effect of reduced pressure and airflow on liquid surface diffusion flames. Combustion and Flame, 1961, 5: 319-330.
[5] Richard Hill, Cargo Fire Suppression by Depressurization, 2010, Federal Aviation Administration.
[6] Jiusheng Yin, Wei Yao, Quanyi Liu et al., Experimental study of n-Heptane pool fire behavior in an altitude chamber. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013. 62: 543-552.
[7] Xiaokang Hu, Yapang He, Zhenhua Li, et al. Combustion characteristics of n-heptane at high altitudes [J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2011, 33: 2607-2615.
[8] Jun Fang, Chunyu Yu, Ran Tu, et al. The influence of low atmospheric pressure on carbon monoxide of n-heptane pool fires [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008, 154: 476-483.
[9] Wei Yao, Jiusheng Yin, Xiaokang Hu, et al. Numerical modeling of liquid n-heptane pool fires based on heat feedback equilibrium [J]. Procedia Engineering, 2013, 62: 377-388.
[10] Yi Niu, Wei Yao, Xiaokang Hu et al., Experimental study of burning rates of cardboard box fires near sea level and at high altitude. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2013. 34(2): p. 2565-2573.
[11] Zhihui Zhou, Yao Wei, Haihang Li et al. Experimental analysis of low air pressure influences on fire plumes, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 70 (2014) 578-585.
[12] Longhua Hu, Fei Tang, Qiang Wang et al., Burning characteristics of conduction-controlled rectangular hydrocarbon pool fires in a reduced pressure atmosphere at high altitude in Tibet. Fuel, 2013. 111: 298-304.
[13] Cuipeng Kuang, Yuanzhou Li, Shi Zhu et al., Influence of different low air pressure on combustion characteristics of ethanol pool fires, Procedia Engineering 2013, 62: 226-233.
[14] Jiusheng Yin, Wei Yao, Quanyi Liu et al., Experimental study of n-Heptane pool fire behaviors under dynamic pressures in an altitude chamber. Procedia Engineering, 2013. 52: 548-556.
[15] Quanyi Liu, Wei Yao, Jiusheng Yin, et al. Modeling on n-Heptane pool fire behavior in an altitude chamber, in ASME 2013 IMECE. 2013, San Diego, USA, doi: 10.1115/IMECE2013-62367.
[16] Quanyi Liu, Kewei Chen, Nan Wu, et al. N-Heptane pool fire behavior in a controlled oxygen and low pressure environment, in ASME 2014 IMECE. 2014, Montreal, CANADA, doi: 10.1115/IMECE2014-37389.
[17] Runhe Tian, Quanyi Liu, Rui Feng, et al. Experiment study of cardboard box fire behavior under dynamic pressure in an altitude chamber [C]// American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Proceedings of ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. New York: ASME Press, 2015.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Quan-yi Liu, Yuan-hua He, Rui Yang, Hui Zhang. (2017). Burning Characteristics of N-Heptane Pool Fire in a Controlled Dynamic Pressure Environment. Advances in Biochemistry, 5(2), 22-30. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20170502.12

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    ACS Style

    Quan-yi Liu; Yuan-hua He; Rui Yang; Hui Zhang. Burning Characteristics of N-Heptane Pool Fire in a Controlled Dynamic Pressure Environment. Adv. Biochem. 2017, 5(2), 22-30. doi: 10.11648/j.ab.20170502.12

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    AMA Style

    Quan-yi Liu, Yuan-hua He, Rui Yang, Hui Zhang. Burning Characteristics of N-Heptane Pool Fire in a Controlled Dynamic Pressure Environment. Adv Biochem. 2017;5(2):22-30. doi: 10.11648/j.ab.20170502.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ab.20170502.12,
      author = {Quan-yi Liu and Yuan-hua He and Rui Yang and Hui Zhang},
      title = {Burning Characteristics of N-Heptane Pool Fire in a Controlled Dynamic Pressure Environment},
      journal = {Advances in Biochemistry},
      volume = {5},
      number = {2},
      pages = {22-30},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ab.20170502.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20170502.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ab.20170502.12},
      abstract = {Cabin fires during in-flight and fires in high altitude airport have attracted a lot of attention. The previous fire tests at high altitudes were all conducted under very limited number of static pressure levels. It is important to design a controlled oxygen and pressure environment and conduct experiments to study the fire behaviors at different depressurization rates. A low-pressure chamber with oxygen and pressure control of 2×3×4.65m3 in volume is developed and built to simulate high-altitude environment. Pool fire experiments using 20-cm and 30-cm-diameter pans are performed at three different depressurization rates, e.g. 5.46kPa/min, 10.92kPa/min, and 19.68kPa/min. The parameters measured include burning rate, flame temperature, radiative heat flux, and heat release rate, et al. The results from fire experiments under different depressurization rates demonstrate the difference and impacts of dynamic pressure environment on liquid fire behaviors and helpful for fire prevention during the flight of the aircraft.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Burning Characteristics of N-Heptane Pool Fire in a Controlled Dynamic Pressure Environment
    AU  - Quan-yi Liu
    AU  - Yuan-hua He
    AU  - Rui Yang
    AU  - Hui Zhang
    Y1  - 2017/04/19
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20170502.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ab.20170502.12
    T2  - Advances in Biochemistry
    JF  - Advances in Biochemistry
    JO  - Advances in Biochemistry
    SP  - 22
    EP  - 30
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2329-0862
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20170502.12
    AB  - Cabin fires during in-flight and fires in high altitude airport have attracted a lot of attention. The previous fire tests at high altitudes were all conducted under very limited number of static pressure levels. It is important to design a controlled oxygen and pressure environment and conduct experiments to study the fire behaviors at different depressurization rates. A low-pressure chamber with oxygen and pressure control of 2×3×4.65m3 in volume is developed and built to simulate high-altitude environment. Pool fire experiments using 20-cm and 30-cm-diameter pans are performed at three different depressurization rates, e.g. 5.46kPa/min, 10.92kPa/min, and 19.68kPa/min. The parameters measured include burning rate, flame temperature, radiative heat flux, and heat release rate, et al. The results from fire experiments under different depressurization rates demonstrate the difference and impacts of dynamic pressure environment on liquid fire behaviors and helpful for fire prevention during the flight of the aircraft.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • School of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan City, China

  • School of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan City, China

  • Institute of Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

  • Institute of Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

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