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Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Crude Cotton Seed Oil Using Central Composite Design

Received: 24 August 2016     Accepted: 10 September 2016     Published: 16 December 2016
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Abstract

Cheap raw materials and optimum process conditions of a transesterification reaction continued to be the most essential factors in determining the production of the biodiesel in commercial quantity to meet up the current global demand. In this study the crude cottonseed oil was used as an economical feedstock for biodiesel production since its demand as a cooking oil has reduced due to health issues related to its consumption. The process variables affecting the transesterification reaction such as methanol/oil ratio (4:1-9:1 mol/mol), catalyst weight (0.5-2%), temperature (40-65°C), reaction time (50-120 min) were optimized using rotatable central composite design of the response surface methodology in order to enhance the percentage yield of the biodiesel production. The maximum biodiesel yield (93.34%) was achieved under 8.08:1 mol/mol methanol/oil ratio, 1.87% catalyst weight, 40°C reaction temperature and 120 min reaction time. The properties of the biodiesel produced which include kinematic viscosity, density, cloud point, pour point and flash point were determined and compared with the European fatty acid methyl ester standard.

Published in Advances in Biochemistry (Volume 4, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.ab.20160406.14
Page(s) 94-100
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Biodiesel, Cottonseed Oil, Central Composite Design (CCD), Biodiesel Properties

References
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[3] F. Al Basir, S. Datta, and P. K. Roy, “Studies on biodiesel production from Jatropha Curcas oil using chemical and biochemical methods - A mathematical approach,” Fuel, vol. 158, pp. 503–511, 2015.
[4] H. C. Joshi, J. Toler, and T. Walker, “Optimization of cottonseed oil ethanolysis to produce biodiesel high in Gossypol content,” JAOCS, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., vol. 85, no. 4, pp. 357–363, 2008.
[5] I. B. Banković-Ilić, O. S. Stamenković, and V. B. Veljković, “Biodiesel production from non-edible plant oils,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 3621–3647, 2012.
[6] A. Ribeiro, F. Castro, and J. Carvalho, “Influence of Free Fatty Acid Content in Biodiesel Production on Non-Edible Oils,” in International Conference Waste: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities, 2011.
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[12] D. O. Onukwuli, L. N. Emembolu, C. N. Ude, S. O. Aliozo, and M. C. Menkiti, “Optimization of biodiesel production from refined cotton seed oil and its characterization,” Egypt. J. Pet., pp. 0–7, 2016.
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[14] I. M. Atadashi, M. K. Aroua, A. R. Abdul Aziz, and N. M. N. Sulaiman, “Membrane biodiesel production and refining technology: A critical review,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 5051–5062, 2011.
[15] E. S. EN: 14214, “Automotive fuels. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for diesel engines. Requirements and test methods,” 2008.
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[18] B. S. I. ISO: 1523, “Determination of flash point -- Closed cup equilibrium method,” 2002.
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[20] B. itish S. I. ISO: 3016, “Petroleum products -- Determination of pour point,” 1994.
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Mustapha Mujeli, Haruna Mavakumba Kefas, Awwal Shitu, Ibrahim Ayuba. (2016). Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Crude Cotton Seed Oil Using Central Composite Design. Advances in Biochemistry, 4(6), 94-100. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20160406.14

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    ACS Style

    Mustapha Mujeli; Haruna Mavakumba Kefas; Awwal Shitu; Ibrahim Ayuba. Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Crude Cotton Seed Oil Using Central Composite Design. Adv. Biochem. 2016, 4(6), 94-100. doi: 10.11648/j.ab.20160406.14

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    AMA Style

    Mustapha Mujeli, Haruna Mavakumba Kefas, Awwal Shitu, Ibrahim Ayuba. Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Crude Cotton Seed Oil Using Central Composite Design. Adv Biochem. 2016;4(6):94-100. doi: 10.11648/j.ab.20160406.14

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ab.20160406.14,
      author = {Mustapha Mujeli and Haruna Mavakumba Kefas and Awwal Shitu and Ibrahim Ayuba},
      title = {Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Crude Cotton Seed Oil Using Central Composite Design},
      journal = {Advances in Biochemistry},
      volume = {4},
      number = {6},
      pages = {94-100},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ab.20160406.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20160406.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ab.20160406.14},
      abstract = {Cheap raw materials and optimum process conditions of a transesterification reaction continued to be the most essential factors in determining the production of the biodiesel in commercial quantity to meet up the current global demand. In this study the crude cottonseed oil was used as an economical feedstock for biodiesel production since its demand as a cooking oil has reduced due to health issues related to its consumption. The process variables affecting the transesterification reaction such as methanol/oil ratio (4:1-9:1 mol/mol), catalyst weight (0.5-2%), temperature (40-65°C), reaction time (50-120 min) were optimized using rotatable central composite design of the response surface methodology in order to enhance the percentage yield of the biodiesel production. The maximum biodiesel yield (93.34%) was achieved under 8.08:1 mol/mol methanol/oil ratio, 1.87% catalyst weight, 40°C reaction temperature and 120 min reaction time. The properties of the biodiesel produced which include kinematic viscosity, density, cloud point, pour point and flash point were determined and compared with the European fatty acid methyl ester standard.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Crude Cotton Seed Oil Using Central Composite Design
    AU  - Mustapha Mujeli
    AU  - Haruna Mavakumba Kefas
    AU  - Awwal Shitu
    AU  - Ibrahim Ayuba
    Y1  - 2016/12/16
    PY  - 2016
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20160406.14
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ab.20160406.14
    T2  - Advances in Biochemistry
    JF  - Advances in Biochemistry
    JO  - Advances in Biochemistry
    SP  - 94
    EP  - 100
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2329-0862
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20160406.14
    AB  - Cheap raw materials and optimum process conditions of a transesterification reaction continued to be the most essential factors in determining the production of the biodiesel in commercial quantity to meet up the current global demand. In this study the crude cottonseed oil was used as an economical feedstock for biodiesel production since its demand as a cooking oil has reduced due to health issues related to its consumption. The process variables affecting the transesterification reaction such as methanol/oil ratio (4:1-9:1 mol/mol), catalyst weight (0.5-2%), temperature (40-65°C), reaction time (50-120 min) were optimized using rotatable central composite design of the response surface methodology in order to enhance the percentage yield of the biodiesel production. The maximum biodiesel yield (93.34%) was achieved under 8.08:1 mol/mol methanol/oil ratio, 1.87% catalyst weight, 40°C reaction temperature and 120 min reaction time. The properties of the biodiesel produced which include kinematic viscosity, density, cloud point, pour point and flash point were determined and compared with the European fatty acid methyl ester standard.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Biotechnology, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria

  • Department of Chemical Engineering, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria

  • Department of Biotechnology, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria

  • Department of Biotechnology, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria

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