Hypno-Sedative Activity of Gymnema sylvestre Extract in Sodium Barbiturate - Induced Hypnosis in Rattus novergicus

Omale James; Menegbe Nasara Awam; Ojogbane Eleojo

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ab.20140205.11

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Hypno-Sedative Activity of Gymnema sylvestre Extract in Sodium Barbiturate - Induced Hypnosis in Rattus novergicus

Omale James, Menegbe Nasara Awam, Ojogbane Eleojo

Published in Advances in Biochemistry (Volume 2, Issue 5)

Received: 12 September 2014 Accepted: 19 September 2014 Published: 30 September 2014

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Abstract

Gymnema sylvestre is a rare herb with significant medical attributes and ethno-botanical uses. Insomnia is one of the most common sleep disorders around the world. In this study, the effect of the aqueous extracts of this plant was investigated for its hypno-sedative effect in rats as well as acute toxicity. Leaf, stem and flowers of G.sylvestre have several therapeutic applications in folk medicine in curing or managing of a wide range of diseases including insomnia. Sleep was induced using sodium barbiturate in albino rats. Rats of either sex weighing between 100-115g were grouped into five groups A,B,C,D and E of four animals each. Group A was the negative control and received only water, groups B the positive control received 10mg/kg b.w of diazepam .Groups C,D and E were administered 150,700 and 1500mg/kg b.w of extracts respectively, each of the rat was placed in individual cage and observed over a period of 24 hours at 6 hours interval .The aqueous extracts produced significant sedative effect at the dose of 150mg/kg b.w and was more effective than diazepam. The extracts at the doses of 150 and 700mg/kg b.w exhibited hypno-sedative activity comparable to the reference drug. The stem extract at 1500mg/kg produced no sedative effect. No toxicity signs were observed following acute toxicity evaluation. The extracts showed hypno-sedative activity at lower doses of 150mg/kg b.w in this increasing order, stem→leaf →flower. In conclusion, these results suggest that the aqueous extract of G. sylvestre is relatively non-toxic and possess potent sedative and hypnotic effects which could support its therapeutic use for insomnia in folk medicine.

Published in	Advances in Biochemistry (Volume 2, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ab.20140205.11
Page(s)	60-64
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Hypno-Sedative, Sodium Barbiturate, Gymnema sylvestre, Rattus novergicus

References

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[2]	Benca, R. (2005) Diagnosis and treatment of chronic insomnia: A review. Psychiatric services. 56: 332-342.
[3]	Ch, B., Rao, K., Gandi, S., and Giri, A(2012). Abiotic elicitation of gymnemic acid in the suspension cultures of Gymnema sylvestre . World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 28(2):741-747.
[4]	Edinger, J., Means, M (2005) .Cognitive behavioral therapy for primary insomnia. Clinical Psychology Review. 256:539-558.
[5]	Gottesmann, C (2002) .GABA mechanisms and sleep. Neuroscience 111:321-239.
[6]	File, S.E and Wardill , A. G (1975). Validity of head dipping as a measure of exploration in modified hole board. Pschopharmacologia 44(1): 53- 59.
[7]	Foster, S (2002) .Gymnema sylvestre in alternative medicine review monograph. Thorne Research inc. 205-207.
[8]	Herrera-Ruiz, M., Gutierrez, C., Enrique Jimenez-ferrer, J., Tortoriello, J., Morion, G and Leon, I (2007) .Central nervous system depressant activity of an ethyl acetate extract from Ipomoea stans roots. Journal of ethno- pharmacology .112 (2) 243-247.
[9]	Harvey A. (2001). Insomnia: symptom or diagnosis? Clinical Psychology Review 21:1037-1059.
[10]	Huang, F., Xiong, Y., Xu, L., Ma, S,and Dou, C. (2007). Sedative and hypnotic activities of the ethanol fraction from Fructus schisandrae in mice and rats, Journal of ethnophamacology 110 (3): 471-475.
[11]	Kanetkar, P., Singhal R, and Kamat, M (2007) Gymnema sylvestre: a memoir’ Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition 641(2): 77-81.
[12]	Kirtika, K.,R., Basu, B.D. (1975) Indian medicinal plants, vol.3 Periodical experts, Delhi india.
[13]	Litchfield, J.T and Wilcoxon, F (1949). A simplified method of evaluating dose effect experiments. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 96:99-113.
[14]	Nan, S.D., Mcrac, C.S., Cook, K.G, Lichstein, K.L. (2005). Treatment of insomnia in older adults. Clinical psychology review ,25:645-672.
[15]	Perez- Ortega, G., Guevara-Fefer, P., Chavez,M (2008). Sedative anxiolytic efficacy of Tilia americana var. mexicana inflorescences used traditionally by communities of state of Michoacan, mexizo. Journal of ethno pharmacology. 16 (3) 461-468.
[16]	Roy-Byrne , P.P( 2005). The GABA- benzodiazepine receptor complex : Structure, function , and role in anxiety . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 66(2): 14 -20.
[17]	Wheatley, D. (2005) Medicinal plants for insomnia: A review of their pharmacology, efficacy and tolerability. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 19:414-421.
[18]	Brown EN, Lydic R, Schiff ND (2010). General anesthesia, sleep and coma. N Engl J Med. 363(27):2638–50.

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Omale James, Menegbe Nasara Awam, Ojogbane Eleojo. (2014). Hypno-Sedative Activity of Gymnema sylvestre Extract in Sodium Barbiturate - Induced Hypnosis in Rattus novergicus. Advances in Biochemistry, 2(5), 60-64. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20140205.11

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ACS Style

Omale James; Menegbe Nasara Awam; Ojogbane Eleojo. Hypno-Sedative Activity of Gymnema sylvestre Extract in Sodium Barbiturate - Induced Hypnosis in Rattus novergicus. Adv. Biochem. 2014, 2(5), 60-64. doi: 10.11648/j.ab.20140205.11

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AMA Style

Omale James, Menegbe Nasara Awam, Ojogbane Eleojo. Hypno-Sedative Activity of Gymnema sylvestre Extract in Sodium Barbiturate - Induced Hypnosis in Rattus novergicus. Adv Biochem. 2014;2(5):60-64. doi: 10.11648/j.ab.20140205.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ab.20140205.11,
  author = {Omale James and Menegbe Nasara Awam and Ojogbane Eleojo},
  title = {Hypno-Sedative Activity of Gymnema sylvestre Extract in Sodium Barbiturate - Induced Hypnosis in Rattus novergicus},
  journal = {Advances in Biochemistry},
  volume = {2},
  number = {5},
  pages = {60-64},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ab.20140205.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20140205.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ab.20140205.11},
  abstract = {Gymnema sylvestre is a rare herb with significant medical attributes and ethno-botanical uses. Insomnia is one of the most common sleep disorders around the world. In this study, the effect of the aqueous extracts of this plant was investigated for its hypno-sedative effect in rats as well as acute toxicity. Leaf, stem and flowers of G.sylvestre have several therapeutic applications in folk medicine in curing or managing of a wide range of diseases including insomnia. Sleep was induced using sodium barbiturate in albino rats. Rats of either sex weighing between 100-115g were grouped into five groups A,B,C,D and E of four animals each. Group A was the negative control and received only water, groups B the positive control received 10mg/kg b.w of diazepam .Groups C,D and E were administered 150,700 and 1500mg/kg b.w of extracts respectively, each of the rat was placed in individual cage and observed over a period of 24 hours at 6 hours interval .The aqueous extracts produced significant sedative effect at the dose of 150mg/kg b.w and was more effective than diazepam. The extracts at the doses of 150 and 700mg/kg b.w exhibited hypno-sedative activity comparable to the reference drug. The stem extract at 1500mg/kg produced no sedative effect. No toxicity signs were observed following acute toxicity evaluation. The extracts showed hypno-sedative activity at lower doses of 150mg/kg b.w in this increasing order, stem→leaf →flower. In conclusion, these results suggest that the aqueous extract of G. sylvestre is relatively non-toxic and possess potent sedative and hypnotic effects which could support its therapeutic use for insomnia in folk medicine.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Hypno-Sedative Activity of Gymnema sylvestre Extract in Sodium Barbiturate - Induced Hypnosis in Rattus novergicus
AU - Omale James
AU - Menegbe Nasara Awam
AU - Ojogbane Eleojo
Y1 - 2014/09/30
PY - 2014
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20140205.11
DO - 10.11648/j.ab.20140205.11
T2 - Advances in Biochemistry
JF - Advances in Biochemistry
JO - Advances in Biochemistry
SP - 60
EP - 64
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2329-0862
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20140205.11
AB - Gymnema sylvestre is a rare herb with significant medical attributes and ethno-botanical uses. Insomnia is one of the most common sleep disorders around the world. In this study, the effect of the aqueous extracts of this plant was investigated for its hypno-sedative effect in rats as well as acute toxicity. Leaf, stem and flowers of G.sylvestre have several therapeutic applications in folk medicine in curing or managing of a wide range of diseases including insomnia. Sleep was induced using sodium barbiturate in albino rats. Rats of either sex weighing between 100-115g were grouped into five groups A,B,C,D and E of four animals each. Group A was the negative control and received only water, groups B the positive control received 10mg/kg b.w of diazepam .Groups C,D and E were administered 150,700 and 1500mg/kg b.w of extracts respectively, each of the rat was placed in individual cage and observed over a period of 24 hours at 6 hours interval .The aqueous extracts produced significant sedative effect at the dose of 150mg/kg b.w and was more effective than diazepam. The extracts at the doses of 150 and 700mg/kg b.w exhibited hypno-sedative activity comparable to the reference drug. The stem extract at 1500mg/kg produced no sedative effect. No toxicity signs were observed following acute toxicity evaluation. The extracts showed hypno-sedative activity at lower doses of 150mg/kg b.w in this increasing order, stem→leaf →flower. In conclusion, these results suggest that the aqueous extract of G. sylvestre is relatively non-toxic and possess potent sedative and hypnotic effects which could support its therapeutic use for insomnia in folk medicine.
VL - 2
IS - 5
ER -

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Author Information

Omale James

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria
Menegbe Nasara Awam

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria
Ojogbane Eleojo

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria

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APA Style

Omale James, Menegbe Nasara Awam, Ojogbane Eleojo. (2014). Hypno-Sedative Activity of Gymnema sylvestre Extract in Sodium Barbiturate - Induced Hypnosis in Rattus novergicus. Advances in Biochemistry, 2(5), 60-64. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20140205.11

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ACS Style

Omale James; Menegbe Nasara Awam; Ojogbane Eleojo. Hypno-Sedative Activity of Gymnema sylvestre Extract in Sodium Barbiturate - Induced Hypnosis in Rattus novergicus. Adv. Biochem. 2014, 2(5), 60-64. doi: 10.11648/j.ab.20140205.11

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AMA Style

Omale James, Menegbe Nasara Awam, Ojogbane Eleojo. Hypno-Sedative Activity of Gymnema sylvestre Extract in Sodium Barbiturate - Induced Hypnosis in Rattus novergicus. Adv Biochem. 2014;2(5):60-64. doi: 10.11648/j.ab.20140205.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ab.20140205.11,
  author = {Omale James and Menegbe Nasara Awam and Ojogbane Eleojo},
  title = {Hypno-Sedative Activity of Gymnema sylvestre Extract in Sodium Barbiturate - Induced Hypnosis in Rattus novergicus},
  journal = {Advances in Biochemistry},
  volume = {2},
  number = {5},
  pages = {60-64},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ab.20140205.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ab.20140205.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ab.20140205.11},
  abstract = {Gymnema sylvestre is a rare herb with significant medical attributes and ethno-botanical uses. Insomnia is one of the most common sleep disorders around the world. In this study, the effect of the aqueous extracts of this plant was investigated for its hypno-sedative effect in rats as well as acute toxicity. Leaf, stem and flowers of G.sylvestre have several therapeutic applications in folk medicine in curing or managing of a wide range of diseases including insomnia. Sleep was induced using sodium barbiturate in albino rats. Rats of either sex weighing between 100-115g were grouped into five groups A,B,C,D and E of four animals each. Group A was the negative control and received only water, groups B the positive control received 10mg/kg b.w of diazepam .Groups C,D and E were administered 150,700 and 1500mg/kg b.w of extracts respectively, each of the rat was placed in individual cage and observed over a period of 24 hours at 6 hours interval .The aqueous extracts produced significant sedative effect at the dose of 150mg/kg b.w and was more effective than diazepam. The extracts at the doses of 150 and 700mg/kg b.w exhibited hypno-sedative activity comparable to the reference drug. The stem extract at 1500mg/kg produced no sedative effect. No toxicity signs were observed following acute toxicity evaluation. The extracts showed hypno-sedative activity at lower doses of 150mg/kg b.w in this increasing order, stem→leaf →flower. In conclusion, these results suggest that the aqueous extract of G. sylvestre is relatively non-toxic and possess potent sedative and hypnotic effects which could support its therapeutic use for insomnia in folk medicine.},
 year = {2014}
}

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