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Rain Attenuation of Radio Waves in South-Eastern Nigeria

Received: 12 March 2022     Accepted: 13 April 2022     Published: 28 April 2022
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Abstract

Analysis of daily rainfall data collected over a period of years is important, especially in the study of rain attenuation of radio waves. This study investigates rain attenuation of radio waves in South-eastern Nigeria which is a tropical location. The daily rainfall data used for this study on Rain Attenuation of Radio Waves in South-Eastern Nigeria was collected from the Nigeria Meteorological Agency (NiMet), Abuja, Nigeria, for a period of 10 years, 1997-2007. The data which was for Calabar (Lat. 4.58°N, Long. 8.21°E), Ikom (Lat. 6.0°N, Long. 8.87°E), Ogoja (Lat. 6.8°N, Long. 8.71°E), Port Harcourt (Lat. 4.51°N, Long. 7.01°E) and Uyo (Lat. 5.02°N, Long. 7.56°E) was subsequently analysed and reduced to obtain rain parameters such as rain rate, R (mm/h), mean annual rainfall, NR (mm), raindrop diameters, Dm (mm), total number of raindrops and rain attenuation, AR (dB). The results of the analysis were compared with those obtained by other researchers and found to be in good agreement. The reduced dip-to-peak values of signal strength observed in our recent studies in South-Eastern Nigeria lend credence to rain attenuation of radio waves in this part of the world. Effects of rain parameters on telecommunication, especially with respect to attenuation, were deduced and they also agreed strongly with literature.

Published in Advances in Applied Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.aas.20220701.12
Page(s) 15-20
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Rain Attenuation, Radio Waves, Telecommunication, South-Eastern Nigeria

References
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[3] Hitesh, S., Vivek, K. S. and Ramjee, P. (2020). Proposed Model for Radio Wave Attenuation due to Rain (RWAR). Wireless Personal Communications, 115, 791-807. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-20-07598-3
[4] De, A. and Maitra, A. (2019). Radiometric Measurements of Ka-band Attenuation During Rain Events at a Tropical Location. In 2019 URSI Asia-Pacific Radio Science Conference (AP-PASC), IEEE. (pp. 1-4).
[5] Brodhage, H. and Hormuth, W. (1968). Planning and Engineering of Radio Relay Links. 8th Completely Revised Edition. Siemens Aktiengschaft, Germany.
[6] Adenugba, D. A. (2000): Microwave Absorption by Oxygen and Water Vapour at Tropical Latitudes. M. Tech. Thesis, Federal University of Technology, Akure (Unpubl).
[7] Hudiara, I. S. (2004). Experimental Study of Rain-Induced Effects on Microwave Propagation at 20 and 30 GHz. Dept. of Elect. Tech. Guru Nanak Dev. University, Amitbar, India.
[8] Choi, D. Y. (2006). Rain Attenuation Prediction Model by Using the 1-hour Rain Rate without 1-min Rain Rate Conversion. Int. J. Comp. Sci. Net. Sec.., 6 (3A).
[9] Samire, F. A. Mohd-Mokhtah, R. and Akanbi, I. A. (2019). Validation of New ITU-R Rain Attenuation Prediction Model over Malaysia Equatorial Region. MAPAN, 34 (1), 71-77.
[10] Maitra, A. (2000). Three Parameter Raindrop Size Distribution Modelling at a Tropical Location, Elect. Lett., 36, 06-907.
[11] Adimula, A. I. Falaiye O. A. and Willougby A. A. (2005). Effects of Rain on Microwave and Satellite Communications in Equatorial and Tropical Regions. Nigeria Journal of Physics, 17S.
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[16] Timothi, K. I., Sharma, S., Devi, M. and Babara, A. K. (1995). Model for Estimating Rain Attenuation at Frequencies in Range 6-30 GHz. Elect. Lett., 31, 1505-1506.
[17] Adenugba, D. A. and Balogun, E. E. (2006). Appraisal of Tropospheric Research on Communication in Nigeria. Nig. J. Phys., 18 (1).
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Michael Ugwu Onuu, Emaekop Umoh, Christian Nlemchi Nwosu. (2022). Rain Attenuation of Radio Waves in South-Eastern Nigeria. Advances in Applied Sciences, 7(1), 15-20. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aas.20220701.12

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    ACS Style

    Michael Ugwu Onuu; Emaekop Umoh; Christian Nlemchi Nwosu. Rain Attenuation of Radio Waves in South-Eastern Nigeria. Adv. Appl. Sci. 2022, 7(1), 15-20. doi: 10.11648/j.aas.20220701.12

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    AMA Style

    Michael Ugwu Onuu, Emaekop Umoh, Christian Nlemchi Nwosu. Rain Attenuation of Radio Waves in South-Eastern Nigeria. Adv Appl Sci. 2022;7(1):15-20. doi: 10.11648/j.aas.20220701.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.aas.20220701.12,
      author = {Michael Ugwu Onuu and Emaekop Umoh and Christian Nlemchi Nwosu},
      title = {Rain Attenuation of Radio Waves in South-Eastern Nigeria},
      journal = {Advances in Applied Sciences},
      volume = {7},
      number = {1},
      pages = {15-20},
      doi = {10.11648/j.aas.20220701.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aas.20220701.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aas.20220701.12},
      abstract = {Analysis of daily rainfall data collected over a period of years is important, especially in the study of rain attenuation of radio waves. This study investigates rain attenuation of radio waves in South-eastern Nigeria which is a tropical location. The daily rainfall data used for this study on Rain Attenuation of Radio Waves in South-Eastern Nigeria was collected from the Nigeria Meteorological Agency (NiMet), Abuja, Nigeria, for a period of 10 years, 1997-2007. The data which was for Calabar (Lat. 4.58°N, Long. 8.21°E), Ikom (Lat. 6.0°N, Long. 8.87°E), Ogoja (Lat. 6.8°N, Long. 8.71°E), Port Harcourt (Lat. 4.51°N, Long. 7.01°E) and Uyo (Lat. 5.02°N, Long. 7.56°E) was subsequently analysed and reduced to obtain rain parameters such as rain rate, R (mm/h), mean annual rainfall, NR (mm), raindrop diameters, Dm (mm), total number of raindrops and rain attenuation, AR (dB). The results of the analysis were compared with those obtained by other researchers and found to be in good agreement. The reduced dip-to-peak values of signal strength observed in our recent studies in South-Eastern Nigeria lend credence to rain attenuation of radio waves in this part of the world. Effects of rain parameters on telecommunication, especially with respect to attenuation, were deduced and they also agreed strongly with literature.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Rain Attenuation of Radio Waves in South-Eastern Nigeria
    AU  - Michael Ugwu Onuu
    AU  - Emaekop Umoh
    AU  - Christian Nlemchi Nwosu
    Y1  - 2022/04/28
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    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aas.20220701.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.aas.20220701.12
    T2  - Advances in Applied Sciences
    JF  - Advances in Applied Sciences
    JO  - Advances in Applied Sciences
    SP  - 15
    EP  - 20
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-1514
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aas.20220701.12
    AB  - Analysis of daily rainfall data collected over a period of years is important, especially in the study of rain attenuation of radio waves. This study investigates rain attenuation of radio waves in South-eastern Nigeria which is a tropical location. The daily rainfall data used for this study on Rain Attenuation of Radio Waves in South-Eastern Nigeria was collected from the Nigeria Meteorological Agency (NiMet), Abuja, Nigeria, for a period of 10 years, 1997-2007. The data which was for Calabar (Lat. 4.58°N, Long. 8.21°E), Ikom (Lat. 6.0°N, Long. 8.87°E), Ogoja (Lat. 6.8°N, Long. 8.71°E), Port Harcourt (Lat. 4.51°N, Long. 7.01°E) and Uyo (Lat. 5.02°N, Long. 7.56°E) was subsequently analysed and reduced to obtain rain parameters such as rain rate, R (mm/h), mean annual rainfall, NR (mm), raindrop diameters, Dm (mm), total number of raindrops and rain attenuation, AR (dB). The results of the analysis were compared with those obtained by other researchers and found to be in good agreement. The reduced dip-to-peak values of signal strength observed in our recent studies in South-Eastern Nigeria lend credence to rain attenuation of radio waves in this part of the world. Effects of rain parameters on telecommunication, especially with respect to attenuation, were deduced and they also agreed strongly with literature.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Physics, Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Abakaliki, Nigeria

  • Department of Physics, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

  • Department of Physics, Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Abakaliki, Nigeria

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