Ensuring a sufficient food supply for the growing human population is a critical challenge, exacerbated by environmental contamination and increasing agricultural demands. The agricultural production demands need more apply of chemical fertilizers in the agricultural fields. The excessive use of phosphate fertilizers results in significant losses due to their conversion into insoluble forms and environmental contamination through runoff. Earthworm derived phos-phate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) are integral to sustainable agriculture by converting insoluble phosphorus into forms plants can absorb, reducing reliance on inorganic fertilizers. These bacteria achieve solubilization through the release of organic acids, enzymatic mineralization, and production of siderophores and extracellular polymeric substances, en-hancing nutrient bioavailability and soil health. Furthermore, these microorganisms produce plant growth-promoting substances like gibberellic acid and indole acetic acid. Effective PSB genera include Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Ba-cillus, Azotobacter, and Enterobacter, which also have biofertilizer potential. Biofertilizers made from such microbes not only reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers but also promote plant growth through nitrogen fixation, nutrient solubilization, and pathogen resistance. It enhances soil fertility, reduces agricultural waste, and improves crop productivity. Using agricultural residues like straw, manure, and urban waste for vermicomposting has shown to increase nutrient availability without harmful effects. Overall, integrating PSB, biofertilizers, and vermicomposting into agri-cultural practices offers an eco-friendly approach to enhancing soil fertility, ensuring sustainable food production, and mitigating environmental impacts.

Smart Humus, Bacterial Consortium, Soil Amendment, Biofertilizer, Eco-friendly