Aqueducts serve as critical water facilities in water diversion projects. Under seismic excitation, the aqueducts are characterized by significant upper water mass and intense sloshing effect. To efficiently account for sloshing effects in engineering calculations, this study proposes a parameter determination method for equivalent mechanical models. Simplified finite element models consistent with actual engineering cross-sections were developed in ABAQUS using both the Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) method and the equivalent mechanical model approach. The CEL simulation results were designated as optimization targets, and genetic algorithms were employed to refine the parameters of the equivalent mechanical model, ultimately yielding parameters suitable for engineering analysis. A rectangular water tank shaking table test was designed to validate the accuracy of the equivalent mechanical model parameters. Results indicate that liquid sloshing intensity correlates with excitation frequency, amplitude, and aqueducts depth-to-width ratio, with heightened severity observed under high-frequency excitation, large amplitudes, and low depth-to-width conditions. The genetic algorithm-optimized parameters demonstrated superior accuracy compared to existing code-specified values, exhibiting closer alignment with experimental results, as evidenced by a 9.7% error in bottom reaction force measurements. The proposed parameter optimization methodology enables efficient and accurate determination of computational parameters for practical engineering applications.

Sloshing Fluid, Equivalent Mechanical Model, Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian Method, Genetic Algorithm, Shaking Table Test